Materials Literature
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. –The evolution of biological materials is a critical, yet poorly understood, component in the generation of biodiversity. For example, the diversification of spiders is correlated with evolutionary changes in the way they use silk, and the material properties of these fibers, such as strength, toughness, extensibili…
The electronic structure of ferromagnetic 3d-transition metals in the vicinity of the Fermi level is dominated by the spin-polarized d bands. Experimentally, this energy region can be probed in detail by means of angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission and inverse photoemission. In several earlier studies the measure…
The underlying domain structures of ferroelastic ceramics have a large influence on their macroscopic electromechanical properties. The profile shape functions of certain pseudo-cubic peaks in diffraction patterns collected from these materials can provide a great deal of information about such domain structures. Usin…
A modular one-pot approach for the synthesis of well-defined organoboron quinolate polymers and the tuning of their photoluminescence is reported. Highly selective borylation of poly(4-trimethylsilylstyrene) ( PSSiMe 3 ) followed by replacement of one of the bromine substituents in the resulting reactive polymer PSBBr…
Abstract Summary: Membranes of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus show a high water and gas permeability that can be altered by different drying techniques. It could be shown that freeze‐drying reduces the swellability of the polymer membranes by a factor of 5 while evaporation drying causes a r…
Neutron reflectometry is used to study photomechanical effects in thin films of azobenzene polymer cast onto silicon substrates. A significant photoexpansion effect, up to 17%, is observed at 25 °C, due to the free volume requirement of the azobenzene chromophore photoisomerization. Above a distinct crossover temperat…
The amorphous phase of chalcogenide material in phase-change memories (PCMs) is subjected to spontaneous and thermal-activated crystallization. This represents a critical reliability issue and has to be carefully investigated and modeled for physically based projection of retention failure up to ten years. A new three…
We report that oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be synchronously dispersed and functionalized in TiO2 sol via an in situ sol-gel process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the…
Corrosion of Weldments provides an understanding of the causes and forms of weld corrosion and the methods used to monitor and control it. It explains how welding influences the microstructure and corrosion behaviors of carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, nickel-base and other nonferrous alloys, and dissimi…
Electrochemical properties of soils are very important for the understanding of the physico-chemical phenomena which affect soil fertility and the availability of nutrients for plants. This review highlights the electrochemical properties of tropical soils, the behavior and the availability of nutrients, toxic element…
The perovskite Bismuth ferrite BiFeO3 (BFO) is considered to be a model multiferroic and offers a rare multiferroelectric robustness since it presents a coexistence of ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic order up to unusually high temperatures. Perovskite-type materials are known for their common structural instabilit…
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated their pluripotency to differentiate into different cell lineages and may be an alternative cell source for vascular tissue engineering. The objective of this study is to create small diameter vessels by seeding and culture of genetically modified MSCs onto a…
New tiling patterns with complex arrangements have been identified for ABC star-shaped terpolymers and ABC/A/B copolymer/homopolymer blends characterized by transmission electron microscopy and microbeam small-angle X-ray scattering. The samples are composed of polyisoprene (I), polystyrene (S), and poly(2-vinylpyridi…
We report the first experimental measurements of the contact number distribution between randomly packed granular right cylinders (rods and disks) as a function of aspect ratio. The average coordination number ⟨ z ⟩ for cylinders varies smoothly with aspect ratio rising from ⟨ z ⟩ ∼ 6 for aspect ratios close to one to…
In this paper we have studied the relaxor behavior of BaZrxTi1−xO3 (0.50⩽x⩽0.80) ceramics. The relaxor behavior of BaZrxTi1−xO3 (BZT) solid solution is analyzed with respect to the increasing amount of Ti4+ rich polar regions in the nonpolar matrix of BaZrO3 which has a very low dielectric constant (∼27). The dielectr…
The structural hierarchy and stereochemistry have been considered for 24 titanium disilicate minerals that contain the TS (Titanium Silicate) block, a central trioctahedral (O) sheet, and two adjacent (H) sheets of [5]- and [6]-coordinated polyhedra and (Si2O7) groups. The TS block is characterized by a planar cell ba…
A range of selectively degradable core cross-linked star (CCS) polymers were synthesized via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using the “arm first” method. The multifunctional initiator 2-hydroxyethyl 2‘-methyl-2‘-bromopropionate was used to synthesize…
Abstract Summary: The swelling and dissolution mechanisms of native cotton and wood cellulose fibres in NaOH–water are studied. The cellulose fibres exhibit a heterogeneous swelling by ballooning in the best dissolving conditions (−5 °C, 7.6% of NaOH). This corresponds to the mode 3 of the swelling‐dissolution (see co…
Conjugated, borole-linked polymers have been self-assembled based on boronate ester formation between a fluorene-2,7-diboronic acid and 1,2,4,5-tetrahydroxybenzene. Readily soluble polymers with molecular weights approaching 60 000 have been generated with materials exhibiting extended conjugation over approximately 3…
A synthesis approach for shape control of single crystalline Bi nanostructures has been developed. By controlling the molar ratio of PVP and Bi in a polyol process, Bi nanocubes with an edge length of approximately 60-80 nm, triangular nanoplates with an edge length of 200-500 nm, and nanospheres with an average diame…