The mean free path of electrons in metals
Introduction 499 2. Conduction in thin ®lms and wires 505 3. Magnetic e ects in thin conductors 515 4. The anomalous skin e ect
Materials Literature
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Thermodynamics of the magnetocaloric effect
The relationship between the behavior of the temperature-dependent heat capacity at constant pressure measured in different magnetic fields and the magnetocaloric effect in magnetic systems with and without discontinuous change of entropy is discussed. It is shown that the two are directly related to each other, and i…
Catalytic Growth of Semiconducting In2O3 Nanofibers
In2O3 nanofibers have been prepared by using a thermal evaporation–oxidation method. The nanofibers generally show rectangular cross sections (see Figure) with different width-to-thickness ratios. The photoluminescence spectrum of these nanowires shows light emission in the blue-green region. By doping with other elem…
Classical generalization of the Drude formula for the optical conductivity
A simple classical generalization of the Drude formula is derived based on the impulse response approach and Poisson statistics. The new feature is a parameter c, which is a measure of persistence of velocity. With negative values of c, it is possible to mimic the infrared properties of poor metals that display a mini…
Nanoscopic Metal Particles − Synthetic Methods and Potential Applications
Mono- and bimetallic colloidal particles have gained increasing attention in science and application throughout the last several years. In this contribution, we present a synopsis of the wet chemical syntheses of these materials and survey potential applications in catalysis and materials science. Methods for the char…
A review on interface modification and characterization of natural fiber reinforced plastic composites
Abstract An Important aspect with respect to optimal mechanical performance of fiber reinforced composites in general and durability in particular is the optimization of the interfacial bond between fiber and polymer matrix. The quality of the fiber‐matrix interface is significant for the application of natural fibers…
Seed-Mediated Growth Approach for Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Spheroidal and Rod-like Gold Nanoparticles Using a Surfactant Template
A seed-mediated growth approach to improved monodispersity of nanoparticles that involves controlling nucleation and growth in solution is presented. Using this approach, spheroidal and rod-like gold particles (see Figure) could be prepared in the presence of a rod-like micellar template. The aspect ratio of the parti…
InterProScan – an integration platform for the signature-recognition methods in InterPro
UNLABELLED: InterProScan is a tool that scans given protein sequences against the protein signatures of the InterPro member databases, currently--PROSITE, PRINTS, Pfam, ProDom and SMART. The number of signature databases and their associated scanning tools as well as the further refinement procedures make the problem…
Plate pattern variability and plate overlap in a clonal culture of the freshwater dinoflagellate Peridinium umbonatum Stein species complex (Dinophyceae)
In a clonal culture of a freshwater dinoflagellate belonging to the Peridinium umbonatum STEIN species complex, plate pattern variability and plate overlap pattern were investigated and documented by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, various field populations were investigated. All possible plate pattern vari…
Negative Resistance and Local Charge-Density-Wave Dynamics
Charge-density-wave (CDW) dynamics is studied on a submicron length scale in NbSe(3) and o-TaS(3). Regions of negative absolute resistance are observed in the CDW sliding regime at sufficiently low temperatures. The origin of the negative resistance is attributed to the different forces that the deformed CDW and quasi…
Energy Barrier to Self-Exchange between PEO Adsorbed on Silica and in Solution
This investigation sought to reveal the dynamic mechanism for self-exchange between an adsorbed homopolymer layer and chains in free solution, employing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) adsorbed on silica from aqueous solution as a model system. Fluorescence tracer studies of individual populations within a saturated adsorb…
STUDIES ON METAL-CONTAINING POLYURETHANES BASED ON DIVALENT METAL SALTS OF MONO(HYDROXYETHOXYETHYL)PHTHALATE
By reacting phthalic anhydride with excess of diethylene glycol and metal acetate, the metal salts of mono(hydroxyethoxyethyl)phthalate were prepared (metal = Cu2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+). Polyurethanes containing metal ions in the main chain were synthesized by reacting hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) or tolulylene 2,4-dii…
RADIATION CROSSLINKING OF BIODEGRADABLE POLY(BUTYLENE SUCCINATE) AT HIGH TEMPERATURE
Poly(butylene succinate), (PBS) with different molecular weight was γ-irradiated at different temperatures and various doses. PBS with high molecular weight and smaller peak area of crystal melting gave the highest gel content at the same temperatures and dose. A two-step irradiation (irradiation in molten state after…
Absolute external photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the1sorthoexciton inCu2O
The photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the yellow series $1s$ orthoexciton in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O},$ including its phonon sidebands, was measured in an Ulbricht sphere. The obtained efficiency values between ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ are remarkably low. The nonmonotonous temper…
WHITE RICE HUSK ASH FILLED ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-DIENE TERPOLYMER/POLYPROPYLENE BLENDS: EFFECT OF DYNAMIC VULCANIZATION AND FILLER LOADING
The effect of dynamic vulcanization and influence of filler loading of white rice husk ash filled elastomer rich ethylenepropylene diene terpolymer and propylene blends were investigated. Blends with filler loading ranging from 0 to 60 php (Parts per hundred of total polymer by weight) were prepared in a Brabender pla…
PbGaBO4, an orthoborate with a new structure-type
The crystal structure of a new ternary borate, lead gallium boron tetraoxide, PbGaBO4, has been determined by X-ray diffraction using a single-crystal grown from a PbO flux. The structure consists of infinite [010] chains of edge-sharing GaO6 octahedra bridged by BO3 triangles. The Pb2+ cations and their stereoactive…
SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL HYDROPHILIC POLY(ESTER-CARBONATES) CONTAINING PENDENT CARBOXYLIC ACID GROUPS
A functional cyclic carbonate, 5-methyl-5-benzyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one (MBC), was utilized in the synthesis of novel poly(ester-carbonates) containing pendent carboxylic acid groups. Copolymers with ε-caprolactone (CL) and L-lactide (LLA) were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using either an Al-a…
Bond lengths inGe1−xSixcrystalline alloys grown by the Czochralski method
We measured the effect of alloy composition on the atomic bonding in bulk ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{x}$ alloys grown by the Czochralski method across the whole composition range $0<x<1.$ Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements performed at the Ge K edge at 20 K found that the…
3D MR angiography of intratumoral vasculature using a novel macromolecular MR contrast agent
Noninvasive methods to visualize blood flow in the intratumoral vasculature have not previously been studied. In the present study, the use of a novel intravascular MR contrast agent with a generation-6 polyamidoamine dendrimer core (G6-(1B4M-Gd)192; MW: 175kD) was investigated, and the vasculature in experimental tum…
Oxide-Free Phosphate Surface Films on Metals Studied by Core and Valence Band X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Phosphate films with thicknesses on the order of the original native metal oxide have been formed on oxide-free aluminum and iron surfaces by electrochemical treatment in 5M phosphoric acid. Electrochemistry was performed under inert atmosphere in a previously described anaerobic cell. The metal phosphate films formed…