Materials Literature
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Abstract The inelastic mean free path (IMFP) of electrons in solids is an important parameter needed for quantitative applications of electron spectroscopies: X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The IMFP values published for compounds or alloys are rather limited, and in general cas…
To make the specific features of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) cold cathode clear, its emission characteristics are investigated in low vacuum and atmospheric pressure. The experimental nc-Si diode is composed of a thin Au film, a nanocrystallized polysilicon layer, an n-type silicon wafer, and a back contact. It is…
Point defects in fumed $\ensuremath{\sim}7\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-sized silica nanoparticles have been studied by $K$- and $Q$-band electron spin resonance (ESR) following $10\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{eV}$ irradiation used to photodissociate H from passivated defects. Various types of ESR-active point def…
Abstract Reliable algorithms for simulation of electron trajectories in solids are needed for quantification of Auger‐electron spectroscopy, particularly for the determination of the backscattering factor (BF). The computational schemes for this purpose should be universal, i.e. applicable to any solid for energies do…
Abstract PENELOPE is a general‐purpose Monte Carlo code system for the simulation of coupled electron and photon transport. It is applicable to all materials and covers the energy range from 50 eV up to 1 GeV. The code implements the most reliable cross sections and relaxation data available for the elements. Cross se…
Abstract The initial quality and stability in air of InAs(001) surfaces passivated by a weakly‐basic solution of thioacetamide (CH 3 CSNH 2 ) is examined by XPS. The S‐passivated InAs(001) surface can be modeled as a sulfur‐indium‐arsenic ‘layer‐cake’ structure, such that characterization requires quantification of bo…
It's a wrap: Self-assembling peptide tubes are wrapped in polymer sheaths by using efficient graft-from or attach-to routes (see scheme). The properties of the peptide tubes are tuned by the polymer sheath, and the resulting peptide–polymer hybrids could prove useful for various future applications.
Experimental results are compared with a theoretical analysis concerning wall effects on the symmetric mode resonance frequency of millimeter-sized air bubbles in water. An analytical model based on a linear coupled-oscillator approximation is used to describe the oscillations of the bubbles, while the method of image…
Analytic expressions for the cutting line number $\ensuremath{\mu}$ of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) which gives van Hove singularities for optical transitions are found to exist around $\ensuremath{\mu}=N∕3$ for most SWNTs, where $N$ is the number of cutting lines of the SWNT. However, for metal-2 SWNTs, the c…
Abstract A commercial grade nylon‐6/clay nanocomposite (from Ube industries) is subjected to a large‐scale simple shear orientation process and the resulting morphology is investigated. Both the orientation and aspect ratio of nanoclays, which can be altered by the simple shear process, are studied. The incorporation…
The short-time dynamic properties of colloidal particles in quasi-two-dimensional geometries are studied by digital video microscopy. We demonstrate experimentally that the effective-two-dimensional physical quantities such as the dynamic structure factor, the hydrodynamic function, and the hydrodynamic diffusion coef…
Abstract Secondary fluorescence across phase boundaries is a difficult problem encountered in several electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) situations: diffusion couples; small phases enclosed in a larger phases; eutectic intergrowths; and thin films. In some cases, it is possible to construct nondiffused couples and to…
Abstract A new Monte Carlo technique for the simulation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for an inhomogeneous specimen with a complex geometric structure has been developed. The simulation is based on constructive solid geometry (CSG) modelling, i.e. constructive solid geometry modelling with simple geomet…
Abstract A brief description is given of three databases issued by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These databases, designed principally for applications in Auger‐electron spectroscopy (AES) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), provide electron elastic‐scattering cross sections, el…
Underwater explosions are conventionally identified and characterized by their seismic and/or acoustic signature based on spherical models of explosion bubbles. These models can be misleading in cases where the bubble is distorted by proximity to the free surface, the bottom, or to a solid object. An experimental and…
Abstract We present calculated electron stopping powers (SPs) for 10 elemental solids (Al, Si, Cr, Ni, Cu, Ge, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au). These calculations were made for electron energies between 100 eV and 30 keV, and were obtained using the same basic algorithm as that employed in our previous calculations of electron in…
In order to improve the luminance of blue emission of the plasma display panel (PDP), BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (BAM) phosphors were synthesized and were coated with SiO2. It was revealed that the surface coating of phosphors with SiO2 leads to an increase in luminance intensity of PDP devices. This seems to be due to the incr…
Abstract Summary: The vapor‐based synthesis and characterization of a reactive polymer, poly[(4‐formyl‐ p ‐xylylene)‐ co ‐( p ‐xylylene)] ( 1 ), have been reported. The reactive polymer coating enables the immobilization of oligosaccharides via the chemoselective aldehyde‐hydrazide coupling reaction. magnified image
Abstract Summary: A simple compounding technique for the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites with single‐walled carbon nanotubes having exceptional alignment and improved mechanical properties is described. The aligned‐nanotube composite was prepared by dissolving single‐walled carbon nanotubes in a solution of ther…
Abstract The semiconductor electronics industry places significant demands upon secondary electron imaging to obtain dimensional measurements that are used for process control or failure analysis. Tolerances for measurement uncertainty and repeatability are smaller than the spatial resolution of edges in the scanning…