Materials Literature
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Systematic finite element analyses are carried out to model the thermomechanical stresses in on-chip copper interconnect systems. Constitutive behavior of encapsulated copper films, determined by experimentally measuring the stress-temperature response during thermal cycling, is used in the model for predicting stress…
X-ray absorption fine structure measurements at zinc K-edge in the corrosion product of super plastic processed zinc doped magnesium alloy has been performed to clarify the corrosion mechanism. The XANES spectra and the radial distribution functions obtained from Fourier transformed EXAFS oscillations of the corrosion…
Evolution of high performance microprocessors has resulted in a steady decrease in on-chip feature sizes. Increasing requirements on maximum current density are expected to increase interconnect temperature drastically due to Joule heating. As interconnect dimensions approach the electron mean free path range, effecti…
The continuous solid solutions in the systems of Ca-Cd HAp, Ca-Sr HAp and Ca-Pb HAp were successfully synthesized at 200°C for 12 hours under hydrothermal conditions. The Rietveld analysis indicates that the Cd ions have a slight tendency to occupy the M (2) sites in the apatite structure, Sr ions preferentially occup…
Raman studies on double‐wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) obtained from peapods showed that the radial breathing mode (RBM) response of the inner tubes is split into more components than there are geometrically possible inner tubes. This was attributed to the possibility that one inner tube type may form in more than one…
The magnetocaloric properties of La/sub 1-x/Pb/sub x/MnO/sub 3/ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) samples prepared by conventional solid-state reaction were investigated in this study. The samples showed a single-phase perovskite structure analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The isothermal magnetization measurements was used to measure…
Electron backscattered diffraction analysis has been used to investigate the effect of shear deformation on the microstructural evolution of a Ni-30Fe alloy during hot deformation. The alloy was compressed by 50% or 75% in thickness at a strain rate of 1/s in a single pass at 1023 K using a hot compression simulator.…
Abstract This article discusses the five basic matrix structures in cast irons: ferrite, pearlite, bainite, martensite, and austenite. The alloying elements, used to enhance the corrosion resistance of cast irons, including silicon, nickel, chromium, copper, molybdenum, vanadium, and titanium, are reviewed. The articl…
Reactions of Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 with NH4PO3 have been studied in the 300-400 °C range at the molar ratio P2O5 : MO = 4:1. Conditions of formation for two new isotypic polyphosphates M(NH4)2(PO3)4 (M = Mg, Ca) have been elaborated. The compounds are found to be isostructural with binary metaldiammonium polyphosphates…
Nanoporous materials consist of nanosize voids embedded in a solid matrix. The pores can be closed or open and have various shapes and sizes. Their applications range from optical and optoelectronics devices to biosensors. In order to effectively utilize and characterize nanoporous media for these various applications…
High temperature fuel cells such as solid oxide fuel cells offer a high efficiency, fuel flexible, low emission strategy for distributed generation. In order to validate emissions performance of pollutants such as NOx and CO, analyzers that provide accurate measurements of low single digit values of these species are…
Article Crystal structure of trans-diaquabis(pyridine-2-carboxamide-N,O)-nickel(II)dibromide,[Ni(H2O)2{(OC(NH2)(C5H4N)}2]Br2 was published on April 1, 2005 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 220, issue 1-4).
The array films of amorphous carbon nanorods were prepared by thermal catalytic pyrolysis of acetylene at 650°C on a porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane with Co-Ni catalysts. The morphology and microstructure of the array films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The fri…
Reactive Ion Beam Etching (RIBE) of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin film is performed for the via formation on a bilayer actuator. This actuator has been developed in the frame of health monitoring system for aircraft composite structures. The bilayer realization requires bore vias to connect the different conductive layers. It repr…
Alumina supported gold catalyst prepared by spray reaction method (spr) provides gold particles with about 20 nm diameter. The gold particle size is larger than for conventional gold catalysts. However, the spr catalyst shows catalytic activity for NO–CO reaction. In the present paper, we discuss the local structures…
Tungsten microcavity light sources and tungsten cluster light sources have interested us as light sources for next-generation having high luminous efficacy and long lifetime. The complex refractive index of tungsten requires the operating temperatures from 2000 K to 6500 K to evaluate the luminous efficacy and lifetim…
The oxidation and reduction characteristics of sputter-deposited Cu thin film with a preferred orientation have been studied. It was found that Cu oxide, which is identified as phase, is easily formed by annealing at 200°C in an ambient. The linear relation between thickness and the square root of oxidation time indic…
Se han identificado 33 taxones pertenecientes a 20 géneros de diatomeas marinas bentónicas y ticoplanctónicas asociadas al briozoo Zoobothryon verticillatum (Delle Chiaje). Para cada especie además de los datos taxonómicos, se aportan reseñas ecológicas y corológicas, referencias bibliográficas y fotografías originale…
Present knowledge on the formation mechanism of helium bubbles, which will enhance void swelling and lead to production of surface roughening and blistering as well as the high temperature intergranular embrittlement of metals during irradiation, is reviewed. Helium is strongly bound to a vacancy or a vacancy cluster…
Electrical stimulation on cell growth has been investigated extensively in vitro, especially on bone cells.This serves a good pre clinical study for treating injured bones since it has been demonstrated electrical stimulation, in spite of the mode, current or field, AC or DC, coupled or induced, continuous or pulsed,…