Materials Literature
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">Operational Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) technology traps and oxidizes soot particulate, lowering particulate emissions. Additionally they trap other non combustible material which is deposited as ash within the filter. The trapping of this material leads to increased backpress…
Abstract A series of blends of bacterial poly( R ‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), with different miscible amorphous components, were prepared. The molecular mass of the amorphous components was varied from M n ≈ 600 to 200,000 g/mol. Several factors were found to influence the stress–strain behavior of PHB blends: the glass‐t…
Magnetization behavior across a metamagnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic state to a ferrimagnetic state is investigated in detail for compound ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{0.95}{\mathrm{Sn}}_{0.05}$. The study clearly brings out various generic features associated with a first-order transition, viz., the…
Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Ohio Coal Development Office (OCDO) have recently initiated a project aimed at identifying, evaluating, and qualifying the materials needed for the construction of the critical components of coal-fired boilers capable of operating at much higher efficiencies than cu…
The growth mechanism of pentacene thin films on a thermally grown SiO2 on Si(100) substrate is examined in detail for a wide substrate temperature range (223–342K) by analyzing the saturated island density and island size distribution. It is found that the log plot of the saturated island density as a function of inve…
The role of RH (relative humidity) during the formation of templated silica thin films has been investigated using real-time grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering. A detailed analysis of the evolution of the lattice parameters as a function of RH is presented. It is shown that in the modulable steady state, t…
Straight and coiled single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) synthesized by laser vaporization were dispersed on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite. Their morphology and electrical properties were investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM images revealed that the SWCNTs (either straight or coiled) often se…
RuO 2 nanometer-sized rods with pyramidal tips have been grown on Cu-coated Si(100) substrates using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The geometry of these nanorods resembles an obelisk with an off-center tip. The aspect ratios of nanorod tips are between 0.55 and 0.73. The field emission properties of the RuO2…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Fischer-Tropsch Diesel (FTD) fuel is expected to be a promising clean diesel fuel in the future because of its characteristics of zero sulfur, zero aromatics and a high cetane number. However, the optimum fuel properties for diesel engines have not been realized. In this study, th…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">A fleet of six 2001 International Class 6 trucks operating in southern California was selected for an operability and emissions study using gas-to-liquid (GTL) fuel and catalyzed diesel particle filters (CDPF). Three vehicles were fueled with CARB specification diesel fuel and no…
Single-crystal Nb-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PNZT) films were grown on electric conducting single-crystal Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) wafers by a sol-gel method. Although the films were of the same composition and prepared under the same condition, different crystal phases with corresponding preferential film orientations were f…
A bistable liquid crystal display based on the bend and splay configurations has been demonstrated. This display can be switched between the bend and splay deformation in a three-electrode configuration and has infinite bistable lifetime. It also has wide viewing angles, excellent contrast ratios, and very fast select…
We report the deposition of single-phase undoped and Ca-doped CuInO2 thin films from a readily synthesized source target of Cu2In2O5—circumventing the very difficult fabrication of CuInO2 targets. X-ray diffraction shows that single-phase materials were obtained over a range of substrate temperatures and deposition pr…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Lean NOx Trap (LNT) catalysts are capable of reducing NOx in lean exhaust from diesel engines. NOx is stored on the catalyst during lean operation; then, under rich exhaust conditions, the NOx is released from and reduced by the catalyst. The process of NOx release and reduction i…
Density functional theory (DFT) famously fails to correctly describe the electronic band structure of Mott insulators, such as FeO. Here, we present calculations on the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of antiferromagnetic, NaCl-structured (B1) FeO, employing hybrid functionals that combine fractions of…
Epitaxial growth of (0001) oriented [ZnO(20Å)∕Co0.7Fe0.3(xÅ)]25 multilayers (MLs) with nominal thickness x=1, 2 and 5 has been prepared on α-Al2O3 (0001) substrate by ion-beam sputtering. The magnetic properties over a temperature range of 6–350K and structures probing by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are report…
The dc electric-field (E) dependence of the dielectric constant (ε) in PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) thin films has been studied at cryogenic temperatures in the dc electric-field range of 0–820kV∕cm. Significant suppression of ε is observed by an application of E up to 400kV∕cm. The relation of ε versus E can be well descri…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Soot oxidation has been a critical issue for regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs). The design of the regeneration strategy and the durability requirement for DPFs depend on an understanding of soot burning. Raman and thermal analysis have been used to monitor surface…
Mn ions were implanted in p-type cubic GaN at doses from 0.6 to 2.4×1016cm−2 at 200 keV energy. A 200-nm-thick epitaxial layer, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001) substrate, is used for the Mn implantation. The Mn implanted samples were subjected to an annealing at 950 °C for 1–5 min. The structural quality…
Thin films of CaB2O4:Eu were deposited on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis. The abnormal reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in as-grown thin films was found at the growth temperatures from 300to500°C. Blue cathodoluminescence was observed by annealing films in air, correlating with further abnormal reduction of Eu ions and…