Materials Literature
按标题、摘要、年份、主题和来源检索公开元数据。结果保留作者、摘要、分类与原始来源链接。
The limits of silicon capabilities are being reached, coincidently, the discovery of graphene with its unique nano-scale properties is paving the way to possible substitutes for the next generation of faster and smaller electronics in 21st century. As a result of the promising properties of graphene, the research in t…
For a new class of soft robotic platforms, development of flexible and robust actuators is quintessential. Remarkable resilience, shape memory effect, high energy density, and scalability are attributed to nickel titanium (NiTi) making it an excellent actuator candidate for meso-scale applications. This paper presents…
Liquid droplets on patterned hydrophobic substrates are typically observed either in the Wenzel or the Cassie state. Here we show that for droplets of comparable size to the roughness scale an additional local equilibrium state exists, where the droplet is immersed in the texture, but not yet contacts the bottom groov…
Understanding new superconductors requires high-quality epitaxial thin films to explore intrinsic electromagnetic properties, control grain boundaries and strain effects, and evaluate device applications. So far superconducting properties of ferropnictide thin films appear compromised by imperfect epitaxial growth and…
Boron is a unique element, being the only element, all known polymorphs of which are superhard, and all of its crystal structures are distinct from any other element. The electron-deficient bonding in boron explains its remarkable sensitivity to even small concentrations of impurity atoms and allows boron to form pecu…
Motivated by recent experiments on thin films of the ferromagnetic insulator yttrium-iron garnet (YIG), we have developed an efficient microscopic approach to calculate the spin-wave spectra of these systems. We model the experimentally relevant magnon band of YIG using an effective quantum Heisenberg model on a cubic…
The crystal structures of four isostructural orthorhombic carbonates, CaCO{sub 3} (aragonite), SrCO{sub 3} (strontianite), PbCO{sub 3} (cerussite), and BaCO{sub 3} (witherite), were obtained by Rietveld refinements using data acquired by synchrotron high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction (HRPXRD). For BaCO{sub 3}, p…
The acoustic nucleation threshold for bubbles trapped in cavities has theoretically been predicted within the crevice theory by Atchley and Prosperetti [“The crevice model of bubble nucleation,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 1065 (1989)]. Here, we determine this threshold experimentally, by applying a single pressure pulse…
The use of plasmon coupling in metal nanoparticles has shown great potential for the optical characterization of many biological processes. Recently, we have demonstrated the use of "plasmon rulers" to observe conformational changes of single biomolecules in vitro. Plasmon rulers provide robust signals without photobl…
Here we review the polymorphism of organic molecules, obtained through batch crystallization in solution carried out in a stirred vessel. Preferential formation of a polymorph, crystal habit, and size depend strongly on the kinetics of the mechanisms involved. First, we recall the concepts of crystallization from solu…
Organic photochromic molecules are well established as colorants in the manufacture of niche products, providing striking colour change effects when irradiated with light. This paper describes the industrially important classes of photochromic dye in terms of their development and chemistries, the applications in whic…
This review focuses on the application of drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs), also called therapeutic NPs, to combat cancer chemoresistance. Many cancer patients have encouraging response to first line chemotherapies but end up with cancer progression or cancer recurrence that requires further treatment. Response to subs…
Since de Gennes' Nobel lecture in 1991, in which he coined the term "Janus grains", research into asymmetric particles has boomed. Macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscopic particles have been prepared in which certain parts of their surface differ in chemical composition, polarity, color, or any other property. Spheric…
Smart microgels: High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) with a volume fraction up to 0.9 are prepared using soft microgel particles as stabilizer. Adsorption of microgels at the interface can effectively hinder droplet coalescence, and the excess particles form a gel in the continuous phase to inhibit creaming and phas…
Phenomenological Landau–de Gennes modelling based on the free energy of nematic liquid crystal colloids is reviewed. Nematic phase, gradient of order, and surface anchoring contributions to the total free energy are used. The numerical finite difference relaxation technique is explained as an efficient tool for the mi…
Single-walled carbon nanotubes can be classified as either metallic or semiconducting, depending on their conductivity, which is determined by their chirality. Existing synthesis methods cannot controllably grow nanotubes with a specific type of conductivity. By varying the noble gas ambient during thermal annealing o…
The electric current activated/assisted sintering (ECAS) is an ever growing class of versatile techniques for sintering particulate materials. Despite the tremendous advances over the last two decades in ECASed materials and products there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on ECAS apparatuses and methods. This paper…
Here is a fundamental introduction to microstructure magnetic property relations where microstructures on atomic, nano- and micrometer scales are considered. The authors demonstrate that outstanding magnetic properties require an optimization of microstructural properties where the microstructures in crystalline mater…
A diverse array of tumor targeting agents ranging in size from peptides to nanoparticles is currently under development for applications in cancer imaging and therapy. However, it remains largely unclear how size differences among these molecules influence their targeting properties. Here, we develop a simple, mechani…
The important advances and current trends in the stereocontrolled ring-opening polymerisation of lactide are discussed in this tutorial review. Microstructures, structural characterisation methods and the properties of stereoregular poly(lactide)s are examined. The application of metal-based catalysts dominates this a…