Materials Literature
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Detailed theoretical studies of the temperature dependence of the zero-field splitting [characterized by \ensuremath{\Delta}D(T)=D(T)-D(0) or dD/dT] of ruby have been made by taking into account both the static contribution due to the thermal expansion of the lattice and the vibrational contribution due to the electro…
Abstract Cooling‐rate effects play an important role in polymer processing because the materials experience rapid cooling when transferring from melt states to solid states. The traditional Tait equation has been used widely in representing the volumetric behaviors of polymers as a function of temperature and pressure…
This study investigates a partial or complete replacement of synthetic sorbents by various biodegradable, natural sorbent materials. The sorbents examined are cotton, milkweed, kapok, wool, and kenaf fibers. It was found that (with the exception of kenaf) the oil sorption capacities of these natural sorbents (as loose…
The molten salt ${3\mathrm{K}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-2Ca(${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}$${)}_{2}$ has been studied in the frequency range 5 mHz40 GHz and for temperatures 10 KT500 K using impedance spectroscopy. It is found that in the microwave regime the dynamic conductivity traces the primary response. In the radio- and aud…
We have been successful in obtaining temperature-stable crystallized thin film of (Zr,Sn)TiO4. Preferential (111)-oriented (Zr,Sn)TiO4 thin film was prepared by pulsed laser deposition. Effects of crystallization were elucidated based on a comparison of electric properties of crystallized and amorphous (Zr,Sn)TiO4 fil…
ABSTRACT The effects of ultrasound frequency, acoustic power, and exposure time on the functional properties of whey protein concentrate and sodium caseinate films were examined. Average tensile strength of the ultrasound treated caseinate films was 224% higher than that of the control. The ultrasonic process was more…
This work presents a comprehensive investigation of carrier transport properties in light-emitting porous silicon (LEPSi) devices. Models that explain the electrical characteristics and the electroluminescence properties of the LEPSi devices are developed. In metal/LEPSi devices, the forward current density–voltage (J…
Abstract A variety of nonblack fillers are used in the rubber components of tires. Calcium carbonate, clay, precipitated silica, talc and titanium dioxide are used in white sidewall compounds to impart desired physical properties and appearance. Precipitated silica can be used in black sidewall compounds, including no…
Small angle neutron scattering measurements were made on a series of block copolymer micelles that represent model systems for spherical polymer brushes. We find hyperbolic density profiles of the form ${r}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ with values of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ between 1.05 and 1.35. This as well as…
Polyurethanes are considered to be one of the most bio- and blood-compatible biomaterials known today. By intelligent utilization of principles governing the structure/property relationship of these polymers, one can generate systems which resemble, in principle, the physical-mechanical behavior of living tissue. Thus…
The kinetics of simultaneous dehydroxylation and carbonation of precipitated Mg(OH) 2 were studied using isothermal and nonisothermal thermogravimetric analyses. Specimens were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and through measurements of the volume of carbon dioxide evolved in a subs…
To assess the suitability of bismuth germanate as an electro-optic material for high precision applications, we have confirmed and extended previous data on its refractive index, electro-optic tensor element r(41), and thermal expansion coefficient. In addition, we have measured the thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT, the…
Abstract A model is presented for free expansion polymer foam processing that includes simultaneous nucleation and bubble growth. The nucleation model includes dissolved gas, small critical cluster size, elastic, and non‐ideal solution effects. An influence volume approach, which couples nucleation and bubble growth,…
Abstract A novel class of low-molecular-weight organic gels has been developed; N,N′,N″-tristearyltrimesamide (TSTA) forms gels with various organic solvents, immobilizing solvent at a low concentration of TSTA. The gels, which form fibrous bundles leading to three-dimensional networks, exhibit well-defined sol-gel tr…
Abstract Poly(lactide)s (PLAs) are well known hydrolytically degradable polymers, that are widely used for biomedical applications. However, the intrinsic brittle nature of poly(lactide)s is still poorly understood. The stiffness of a polymer chain, expressed as the characteristic ratio C ∞ plays an important role in…
The 1,2-bis[3,4,5-tris(alkan-1-yloxy)benzamido] ethanes (DA-n , where n is the number of carbons in the alkanyl group) form a high temperature hexagonal columnar (ϕh) liquid crystalline phase when n ' 10, 11, 12, 14, 16 and 18. DA-n with n ' 4, 5, 6, and 7 show at elevated temperatures a distorted hexagonal crystal ph…
Nitinol alloys (Nitinol) exhibit a dramatically enhanced elasticity, known as "superelasticity", which is becoming integral to the design of a variety of new medical products. Elasticity is the most apparent of the advantages afforded by this material, but by no means the only or most important. Also discussed in this…
Crack bifurcation was observed in laminar ceramic composites when cracks entered thin Al 2 O 3 layers sandwiched between thicker layers of Zr(12Ce)O 2 . The Al 2 O 3 layers contained a biaxial, residual, compressive stress of ∼2 GPa developed due to differential contraction upon cooling from the processing temperature…
The evolution of structural and magnetic properties of small chromium clusters towards the bulk is elucidated through a systematic density functional study. A tightly bound C${\mathrm{r}}_{2}$ dimer is found to play a key role in determining the cluster structures. A unique dimer growth route is discovered for cluster…
The ability of some microorganisms to use lactic acid stereocopolymers and copolymers with glycolic acid as sole carbon and energy sources was studied under controlled or natural conditions. First, 14 filamentous fungal strains were tested in liquid cultures, adopting total lactic acid consumption, nitrogen source exh…