Materials Literature
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This paper studies the thermal properties of three-terminal mesoscopic dielectric systems in the nonlinear response regime at low temperature. For a symmetric three-terminal system, when the temperature is finitely different between the left and right thermal reservoirs, the temperature of the central thermal reservoi…
The nature of bonding evolving at a metal/oxide interface depends strongly on the termination of oxide surface stabilized in the bonding environment. Specific surface treatments in ultrahigh vacuum allow control of the termination of sapphire (α-Al2O3) (0001) surface varying from hydroxyl-terminated to aluminum-termin…
We report a low temperature fabrication and light-emitting characteristics of inorganic electroluminescent (EL) devices in which a CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) layer was formed by a new ion beam deposition process. The deposition process was developed for fabrication of surfactant- and solvent-free QD structured films fr…
Single crystals of K0.47Na0.53NbO3 (KNN) and Mn-substituted KNN (Mn-KNN, K0.53Na0.47Mn0.004Nb0.996Oy) were grown by a flux method, and the influence of lattice defects on the polarization and leakage current properties was investigated. As-grown KNN did not show an apparent polarization hysteresis loop due to its larg…
We present computational and experimental investigations into the fluid dynamics of a narrow stream of surfactant solutions, which descends under gravity between two narrowly spaced, vertical glass plates. Such a “rivulet” is bounded by two liquid/solid and two mobile liquid/gas interfaces, posing fluid dynamic proble…
The manipulation and processing of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is limited by their poor solubility in most common solvents. Covalent sidewall functionalization of SWNTs provides an excellent route to improve their solubility. Here we have studied the relationship between sidewall functionalization and phase b…
As a new device in energy storage systems, ultracapacitor has drawn more and more attention recently. Many equivalent circuit models have been proposed to analyze its characteristics. However, for the design of energy storage systems, more insights are needed to analyze the transient response for many design aspects,…
Slow strain rate tests were performed to evaluate the effect of simulated groundwater chemistry variations on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of mill-annealed Alloy 22 (UNS N06022). Tests were conducted in which the constituent anionic species were removed selectively from simulated concentrated wat…
The study of microstructural evolution in polycrystalline materials has been active for many decades so it is interesting to illustrate the progress that has been made and to point out some remaining challenges. Grain boundaries are important because their long-range motion controls evolution in many cases. We have so…
Quantitative analysis of the solution energy of alkaline-earth metal elements to perovskite-type BaTiO 3 was carried out by a first-principles calculation combined with thermodynamics theory. The solution energies of neutral solute and a compensated solute with an oxygen vacancy were systematically calculated. They we…
Currently, in the United States, nearly 58 million tires per year (∼640,000 tons) are discarded typically in landfills, which pose serious environmental issues because of their durability and strong tendency to leach toxic chemicals. A novel process intensification design (integrated combustion–gasification reactor) t…
Thermal transport across nanosized constrictions is calculated considering wave effects. It is shown that Rayleigh-type phonon diffraction reduces thermal transport across nanosized constrictions at low temperatures. We show that for aT∕vDebye<0.01×10−9Ks, where a is the radius of the constriction, T the temper…
Nanocomposites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and polystyrene (PS) were synthesized via an in-situ bulk sonochemical polymerization under the application of ultrasonication to open pi-bonds in the MWNT, thus enhancing the PS polymerization. Sonication of vinyl monomers such as styrene leads to radical initi…
The present article describes the modeling and simulation of the dynamics of the electrospinning process coupled with the spatio-temporal evolution of fiber morphology driven by concentration sweeps. The electrospinning process has been modeled based on an array of beads connected by Maxwell’s elements in a cylindrica…
Buried carbon steel fuel transmission pipelines, protected by external coatings and cathodic protection, are known to experience transgranular stress corrosion cracking TGSCC). Failure analysis of failed pipelines and laboratory tests have indicated that hydrogen plays an important role in the overall failure mechanis…
Optical properties in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region of cerium and terbium activated Y3Al5O12 powders obtained by the sol-gel process were investigated at room and low temperatures. Both Tb3+ and Ce3+ doped samples exhibited a broad absorption band within the conventional Xe-Ne plasma emission range (140–190 nm).…
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a disease recently described in patients with kidney failure. It is characterized by scleroderma-like thickening of the skin, subcutaneous edema and ensuing joint contractures leading to profound disability. Furthermore, involvement of internal organs has been described. Whereas…
Acceptor-doped ferroelectrics generally show a pronounced aging effect. However, the KF-flux-grown BaTiO3 single crystals, which are known to contain acceptor impurities K+, show no aging effect. This exception poses a potential challenge to the current understanding of ferroelectric aging and may provide a clue for r…
To analyze the effect of the support crystallite size on the activity of gold catalysts for CO oxidation, gold was supported on rutile with crystallite sizes between 10 and 76 nm. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, refinement of the crystalline structures, transmission electron microscopy, a…
We developed and tested a parallel plate shear cell that can be mounted on top of an inverted microscope to perform confocal real-space measurements on complex fluids under shear. To follow structural changes in time, a plane of zero velocity is created by letting the plates move in opposite directions. The location o…