Materials Literature
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The molecular weight (MW) dependence of the linear crystal growth rate (G) and the influence of the supercooling on the relationship between MW and G at a given supercooling were studied for poly(ethylene succinate). The spherulite growth rate was measured over a wide range of temperature. It had a bell-shape with a m…
Several aspects of the structure, morphology, growth transitions, and optical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) are considered; we deal mostly with its two more classical α and β crystal modifications (αiPP and βiPP). A derivation of the frustrated crystal structure of βiPP is presented. The existence of two…
The application properties of plastic products are significantly influenced by the structural changes after conversion, resulting from a combination of post-crystallization and physical aging for semicrystalline materials. For three different types of polypropylene—homopolymer, ethylene/propylene random- and heteropha…
The microstructure of a metal-centered six-arm star block copolymer, amphiphilic iron tris(bipyridine)-centered poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)- b -poly(2-undecyl-2-oxazoline), [Fe{bpy(PEOX−PUOX) 2 } 3 ] 2+, was investigated with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), transmission electron…
Electrospinning is a simple technique to form high surface area membranes using large static electric potentials. An application, taking advantage of such a high surface area, is a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell, wherein a chromophore molecule absorbs light before being oxidized to generate a photocurrent. We report…
The synthesis, characterization, and biolocalization properties of new, fully water-soluble sapphyrins is reported. These systems, which display light absorbing features that make them of potential interest as photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitizers, were found to localize selectively in pancreatic carcinoma tissue in…
Spectroscopy coupled with density functional calculations has been used to define the spin state, oxidation states, spin distribution, and ground state wave function of the mu4-sulfide bridged tetranuclear CuZ cluster of nitrous oxide reductase. Initial insight into the electronic contribution to N2O reduction is deve…
Single-crystal particles of mesoporous niobium−tantalum mixed oxide with a wormhole-like structure were successfully prepared and characterized. The mixed oxide was prepared by a neutral templating method, and the samples provided have thick walls and an unordered pore structure. Neutral block copolymer, HO(CH 2 CH 2…
A supramolecular conductor θ-(DIETS)2[Au(CN)4] [DIETS = diiodo(ethylenedithio)diselenadithiafulvalene] has been revealed to be a new superconductor with Tc = 8.6 K (onset, 10 kbar) under uniaxial strain parallel to the crystallographic c-axis.
The nucleation effect of two layered montmorillonite silicates of different origin was studied in polypropylene (PP). Composites were prepared as a function of composition in an internal mixer or by homogenization in a twin-screw compounder. Melting and crystallization characteristics were determined by differential s…
The effects of filler loading on the curing characteristics, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties of natural rubber compounds were studied using a conventional vulcanization system. Recycle rubber powder (RRP), carbon black (CB) (N550), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were used as fillers and the loading range w…
The memory effect in PA11 films is studied in close relation with the crystalline structure. In polyamide 11, [(CH2)10–CO–NH] n , the polarity of the amide group induces hydrogen bonds between chains that are crucial to the crystalline structure and are responsible for the memory effect. During the forming from the me…
Commercially available powders with primary particle sizes of 10–100 nm (transition aluminas, Boehmites, and a commercially available silica dispersion) have been studied using three different instruments, a photocentrifuge (Horiba CAPA 700), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS, Malvern Zetasizer 4), and an x-ray dis…
The formation of biodegradable hydrogels is reported based on enzymatic crosslinking reactions of modified polyaspartic acid. Poly(aspartic acid) polymers functionalized with aromatic groups were crosslinked in aqueous solution via peroxidase with hydrogen peroxide to form hydrogels. The reaction products were charact…
A facile approach, based on the polyelectrolyte-mediated electrostatic adsorption of a water-soluble titania precursor, titanium (IV) bis (ammonium lactato) dihydroxide (TALH), is presented for the formation of multilayered thin films of defined thickness and composition. The thin films were formed by the alternate de…
The film thickness dependence of crystal growth is investigated for isotactic polystyrene (it-PS) in thin films for thicknesses from 20 down to 4 nm. The single crystals of it-PS grown at 180°C in the ultrathin films show a morphology typical of diffusion-controlled growth: dense branching morphology and fractal seawe…
Cast, segmented polyetherurethanes with 30 and 50% hard-segment content (HSC), respectively, were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Multi-phase segregation was observed in both samples on two levels (micro and nano) of structural organization. Spherulites with a promi…
The design goal of a thermoelectric (TE) device is to determine the optimum structure of the semiconductor thermoelements so as to meet the required specifications with a minimum cost. The cost usually consists of the construction costs of semiconductor materials and heat exchangers and the running cost of supplied el…
Five trinuclear complexes [M(bpca)(2)(M'(hfac)(2))(2)] (where MM'(2) = NiMn(2), CuMn(2), FeMn(2), NiFe(2), and FeFe(2); Hbpca = bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amine; and Hhfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone) were synthesized almost quantitatively by the reaction of [M(bpca)(2)] and [M'(hfac)(2)] in 1:2 molar ratio, and their struct…
We discuss the Raman scattering of thermally oxidized gallium selenide (GaSe) and indium selenide (InSe) single crystals. It has been established that the oxidation mechanisms of these compounds are rather different. For InSe, an increase of the oxidation temperature leads to the formation of (SeO 4 ) complexes. For G…