Materials Literature
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The conductance of carbon nanotubes with a vacancy is studied in a tight-binding model. We examine the Fermi energy ε dependence of the conductance and show it is quantized into zero, one, and two times the conductance quantum \(e^{2}/\pi\hbar\) depending on the type of vacancy in the half-filled case, i.e., ε= 0. In…
Magnetic anisotropy of La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 (LCMO) epitaxial thin films grown on (001) SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 a substrates exhibits strong correlation with substrate-induced strain states as determined by normal and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. In a 250 Å thick LCMO (001)T film grown on SrTiO3 substrate, an in-plane biax…
X-ray reflectivity by rough multilayer gratings is treated in the framework of kinematical and dynamical theories. The kinematical scattering integral is calculated without the restrictions of the Fraunhofer approximation. The dynamical theory is presented by the matrix modal eigenvalue approach. In both theories we g…
The holmium and europium complexes of the tetraanion of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (H4DOTA), namely, sodium aqua(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetato)-holmium(III) tetrahydrate, Na[Ho(C 16 H 24 N 4 O 8 )(H 2 O)].4H 2 O, and sodium aqua(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,…
The Berreman 4×4 matrix method is extended in order to calculate the optical behavior of reflective liquid crystal displays. Expressions for the reflection matrix and the reflection coefficient are derived. Possibly present uniaxial and/or biaxial retarders can be included in the calculation. Conservation of energy an…
We report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on a single Cu-O chain compound ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{3}$ with Ne I photons. In contrast with previous ARPES with higher-energy photons, the present result clearly shows two well-separated branches of dispersions near ${E}_{F}$ ascribable to spino…
Electronic structures of halogen bridged mixed-valence (MV) complexes ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{Au}}_{2}{X}_{6} (X$=I, Br, and Cl) have been investigated by means of reflectivity measurements. We have observed five polarization-dependent optical transitions in the energy range of 0.6--5.5 eV. The lower-lying three ba…
The temperature (10--290 K) and magnetic-field (0--7 T) dependencies of optical spectra and their anisotropy have been investigated for a single crystal of ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}(x=0.4),$ which undergoes a charge and orbital ordering transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{co}}=235 \m…
We report the observation of a strongly coupled first-order charge-density wave (CDW) transition in a high-quality single crystal of the intermetallic compound ${\mathrm{Lu}}_{5}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{4}{\mathrm{Si}}_{10}.$ The first-order nature is ascertained by a very narrow and huge cusp (360 J/mol K) in the specific heat…
Suppression of the multiphoton fluorescence contribution to the hyper-Rayleigh (second-order nonlinear optical) scattering signal was recently achieved by intrinsic demodulation of the fluorescence at high amplitude-modulation (AM) frequencies [Olbrechts et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 2233 (1998)]. These high AM frequ…
Dielectric surface flashover in vacuum is characterized by a three-phase development, as shown by current measurements covering the range from 10−4 to 100 A, assisted by x-ray emission measurements, high speed photography, and time-resolved spectroscopy. Further information is gained from a comparison of the flashover…
New dianhydrides containing t-butyl and phenyl pendant groups have been synthesized and used as monomers, together with commercial diamines, to prepare novel polyimides. The influence of the chemical structure of the monomers on their reactivity has been studied by quantum semiempirical methods. The polyimides have be…
As a contribution to the understanding of the thermodynamics of the glass transition phenomenon a series of molecules having the same steric character, but differing in the strength and nature of intermolecular interactions, has been investigated. The series is based on systematic changes of substituents on disubstitu…
Structural materials for first–wall and breeding-blanket components will be exposed to 14\3MeV neutrons, plasma particles and electromagnetic radiation. In magnetically confined systems, the operation mode will be quasi–continuous. Typical operation conditions for next–step devices and demonstration plants will be des…
The surface phonon mode of CdSe quantum dots in a glass matrix was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The blueshift and broadening of the surface phonon frequency were observed as the quantum dot size was reduced. It was shown that the observed size-dependent blueshift and broadening are mainly caused by the lattice…
The transition from the dynamics of isolated molecules to that of a bulk liquid is observed for the first time by analyzing the dielectric relaxation $({10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}--{10}^{9}\mathrm{Hz})$ of ethylene glycol (EG) guest molecules confined to zeolitic host systems of different topology. Beyond a threshold chann…
Dielectric films have been prepared by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from mixtures of tetramethylsilane with oxygen. The films have been characterized as-deposited and after annealing at 400 °C to determine the thermal stability of their properties. Rutherford backscattering and forward rec…
Nanocrystallites of semiconductors, especially those belonging to II-VI and III-V groups, show size-dependent optical and electrical properties. In this paper we report on x-ray photoemission results of CdS nanocrystallites of two different sizes and compare these results with bulk CdS. The S $2p$ and $2s$ core levels…
Further insight into processing-structure-property relationships have been carried out for existing and candidate carbon-based protective overcoats used in the magnetic recording industry. Specifically, 5 nm thick amorphous diamond-like carbon (a:C) and nitrogenated diamond-like carbon (a:CNx) overcoats were deposited…
By means of extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the bond fluctuation model, we study the effect of adding AB diblock copolymers on the properties of an interface between demixed homopolymer phases. The parameters are chosen such that the homopolymers are strongly segregated, and the whole range of copolymer concentra…