Materials Literature
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Reactive ion etching of indium‐tin oxide using HBr/ feed gas at 250°C has been studied in four areas: feed gas composition, power, loading factor, and surface analysis. The result was compared with that using HCl/ as the feed gas. There was no anomalous high rate peak throughout the whole concentration range. Etch rat…
Abstract The available data on compositional zoning in grossular-andradite (grandite) garnets occurring at different scales, mainly due to the variations of their Fe 3+ /Al ratios, and the hypotheses on the origin of this zoning are reviewed. Four zoned crystals of grandites showing different optical properties have b…
For unstabilised PE the rate of oxygen uptake and CO and CO2 formation, the increase in carbonyl absorbance and the deterioration of the elongation at break are highest for two different accelerated weathering tests and less high in outdoor weathering tests in Florida and in the south of France. These rates are lowest…
High-resolution Brillouin spectroscopy was used to investigate the elastic properties of $[{\mathrm{NH}}_{3}{(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{H}}_{3}{)]}_{5}{\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{11}.$ The temperature dependences of nine phonon modes propagating in the directions [100], [010], [001], [110], [101], and [011] were obtained…
Addition of small amounts of an organic peroxide can be added to poly(propylene) during melt processing for controlled degradation to yield a polymer with higher melt flow rates and a more narrow molecular weight distribution. This technology is widely used by poly(propylene) producers to generate a variety of melt fl…
Abstract Zirkelite, a cubic mineral of general formula (Ti,Ca,Zr)O 2−x occurs as an accessory mineral in phoscorites, carbonatites and associated rocks in the Sebl'yavr complex. After pyrochlore, it is the main mineral concentrating niobium in these rocks. Zirkelite forms platy crystals comprising polysynthetic octahe…
The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Si nanocrystallites prepared using an inert-gas-ambient pulsed laser ablation technique was characterized. Although the PL intensity of as-deposited Si nanocrystallites was very weak at room temperature, it increased with annealing in N2 or O2 gas. Th…
Summary We have studied microstructural changes in montmorillonite and kaolinite, which were amended with organic debris (leaves of chestnut or beech), microbial inoculum and nutrients and subjected, for 30 days at 25°C, to alternate drying and wetting (D–W) or kept continuously moist at water‐holding capacity (WHC).…
Poly(2-vinylpyridine N -oxide) (P2VPNO) and poly(4-vinylpyridine N -oxide) (P4VPNO) were synthesized by the oxidation of the corresponding poly(vinylpyridine)s. They are soluble in water and have a characteristic fluorescence in aqueous solutions. The fluorescence intensities of P2VPNO were over 3 times that of P4VPNO…
Raman spectra of kaolinite and of the formamide-intercalated kaolinite were obtained at both 298 and 77 K using a Raman microprobe equipped with a thermal stage. Upon cooling to 77 K, the band attributed to the inner hydroxyl shifts by 5 cm-1 to lower wavenumbers and the bands assigned to the inner surface hydroxyls m…
Abstract The manufacture of composites offers the greatest flexibility to convert and utilize waste plastics, paper and wood into high‐value products. This paper reports on two studies regarding the recycling of these materials. In one study, recycling was simulated by regrinding and injection‐moulding composites of p…
We develop and implement a direct computational method to obtain the structure and complete molecular electronic polarisability tensor directly from the first-principles–derived electron charge distributions of mesogens based on a plane-wave basis set approach. In our methods no semi-empirical bond polarisabilities or…
We numerically investigate phase separation kinetics of liquid crystalline polymers in a nematic state using time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations for the compositional and the orientational order parameters $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ and ${S}_{\mathrm{ij}}.$ The kinetics is significantly influenced by (i) the presence…
We investigate how plane-parallel and twisted alignment treatments influence the electrooptical properties of dye-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films. These films are transparent in the electric field-on state and opaque in the field-off state. The relationship between field-off state transmittance of…
Estimates for the thickness of the interface between poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) and copolymers of styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) and styrene–maleic anhydride (SMA) based on the theory of Helfand and Tagami are compared to neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements. Good agreement is found between the NR me…
Drape is a unique property that allows a fabric to be bent in more than one direction with double curvature. For many years, textile researchers studied this attribute in order to evaluate the drape quality and improve the drape appearance of garments. However, fabric drape can be more realistically investigated by co…
No presente trabalho, foi estudada a extração de substâncias húmicas (SH) de horizontes A de dois solos do Rio Grande do Sul (Latossolo Roxo (LR), e Brunizém vértico (B)) e de um lodo orgânico (LO), oriundo da fabricação de celulose, empregando-se dois métodos: (1) as SH foram extraídas com solução de NaOH 0,5 mol L-1…
Abstract The field of molecular based magnetism is an active area of research directed toward the design of new magnetic materials. The idea is to introduce molecular strategies in magneto‐chemistry. This can open completely new synthetic routes to materials with previously unknown physical properties. Spin carriers u…
Amorphous films of syndiotactic polystyrene were crystallized in dichloromethane, to obtain samples in the clathrate δ form; successively the samples were either annealed at temperatures below the glass transition temperature (Tg) or extracted with acetone. The samples obtained show, in the X-ray analysis, crystalline…
This paper presents a review of Electric Double Layered Magnetic Fluids (EDL-MF) based on spinel ferrite type [(M1-x+2Fex+3)]A [(Fe2-x+3 Mx+2)]BO4-2, with M(II) = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn. The chemical synthesis of the nanoparticles using hydrothermal techniques and their complete peptization in an aqueous medium results…