Materials Literature
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Chiral symmetry breaking in stirred crystallization of sodium chlorate ( NaClO3) occurs via the production of secondary crystals from a single "mother crystal." Martin, Tharrington, and Wu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 2826 (1996)] investigated this phenomenon and concluded that it was mechanical crushing of a crystal by the…
The cation site occupancy of a mechanically activated nanocrystalline zinc ferrite powder was determined as (Zn0.552+Fe0.183+)tet[Zr0.452+Fe1.823+]octO4 through analysis of extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements, showing a large redistribution of cations between sites compared to normal zinc ferrite sam…
We report low-temperature magnetoresistance (MR) measurements on rings of single-wall carbon nanotubes. Negative MR characteristic of weak one-dimensional localization is clearly observed from 3.0 to 60 K, and the coherence length L(varphi) is obtained as a function of temperature. The dominant dephasing mechanism is…
Quantum dots, often referred to as artificial atoms, open the field of quantum resolved spectroscopy to semiconductor physics. The current article is designed to review the field of interband optical spectroscopy on single semiconductor quantum dots.
The ground-state polarization of PbTiO3 thin films is studied using a microscopic effective Hamiltonian with parameters obtained from first-principles calculations. Under short-circuit electrical boundary conditions, (001) films with thickness as low as three unit cells are found to have a perpendicularly polarized fe…
In order to investigate the phase stability of equiatomic FeN compounds and the structure-dependent magnetic properties, the electronic structure and total energy of FeN with NaCl, ZnS and CsCl structures and various magnetic configurations are calculated using the first-principles TB-LMTO-ASA (tight-binding linear mu…
The atomic and electronic structure of the lowest triplet state of the off-center (C2v symmetry) self-trapped exciton (STE) in crystalline NaCl is calculated using the local-spin-density (LSDA) approximation. In addition, the Franck-Condon broadening of the luminescence peak and the a1g -> b3u absorption peak are calc…
Two models involving particles moving by ``hopping'' in disordered media are investigated: I) A model glass-forming liquid is investigated by molecular dynamics under (pseudo-) equilibrium conditions. ``Standard'' results such as mean square displacements, intermediate scattering functions, etc. are reported. At low t…
Highly electrically conductive indium–tin–oxide thin films were epitaxially grown on an extremely flat (100) surface of yttria-stabilized zirconia single-crystal substrates at a substrate temperature of 600 °C by a pulsed-laser deposition technique. A resistivity down to 7.7×10−5 Ω cm was reproducibly obtained, mainta…
Density functional theory has been used to study the adsorption of molecular H2 on a graphene layer. Different adsorption sites on top of atoms, bonds and the center of carbon hexagons have been considered and compared. We conclude that the most stable configuration of H2 is physisorbed above the center of a hexagon.…
The difficulties in synthesizing phase pure BiFeO3 are well known. In this letter we are reporting the optimized synthesis conditions for obtaining phase pure BiFeO3 ceramic. The oxide mixing technique followed by leaching with dilute nitric acid has been used for the synthesis. X-ray diffraction pattern indicated tha…
A large electric-pulse-induced reversible resistance change active at room temperature and under zero magnetic field has been discovered in colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films. Electric field-direction-dependent resistance changes of more than 1700% were observed under applied pulses of ∼100 ns d…
The synthesis of three third-generation dendrimers that selectively carry one aryl bromide functional group in the first, second, or third generation, respectively, is described. These functions, regardless of their location, can be chemically modified by Suzuki cross-coupling chemistry with p-tert-butylbenzene boroni…
The microstructures of different high-temperature prepared oxides of the (1− x )Y 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 1.75 − x Y 0.75 Nb 0.25 O 1.75 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) system have been studied by selected-area electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The materials show a modulated fluorite-type structure mainly du…
Application of hydrostatic pressure (≤ 10.5 kbar) on the two-dimensional spin transition compound [Fe(btr) 2 (NCS) 2 ]·H 2 O (btr = 4,4‘-bis-1,2,4-triazole) results in an unexpected stabilization of the HS state. On release of the pressure, the HS state is found to be partially trapped. After thermal relaxation of the…
We study both theoretically and experimentally the nonlinear interaction between an intense surface acoustic wave and a two-dimensional electron plasma in semiconductor-piezocrystal hybrid structures. The experiments on hybrid systems exhibit strongly nonlinear acousto-electric effects. The plasma turns into moving el…
Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in ternary methyl tert -butyl ether + 1-propanol + cyclohexane, methyl tert -butyl ether + 2-propanol + cyclohexane, methyl tert -butyl ether + 1-butanol + cyclohexane, methyl tert -butyl ether + 2-butanol + cyclohexane, and methyl tert -butyl ether + 2-m…
Given the increasingly sophisticated tools available to acquire, store and process partial discharge measurements, it is imperative that the mechanisms of partial discharge degradation and the factors influencing the nature, form, extent and rate of degradation are elucidated. This will permit correlation among the me…
Epoxy resins are used in the production of high-voltage insulation components. Partial discharges, inherent in high-voltage installations, degenerate the resinous material and cause degradation of the insulation thus reducing the working life of the component. An understanding of the nature of the chemical changes tak…
Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) gels are suspensions of V 2 O 5 ribbonlike particles dispersed in water. At volume fractions larger than 0.7%, they form a lyotropic nematic liquid-crystalline phase. We investigate here three different methods of synthesis (by ion-exchange, from peroxovanadic species, and by dissolution…