Materials Literature
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Phase transition in [N(C2H5)4]2ZnCl4 has been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and high-resolution 13C-NMR. Structure determination shows that [N(C2H5)4]+ ion involves disordering between two Nordic crosses at room temperature. 13C-NMR spectra considerably broaden near the transition point in the high temper…
In order to develop a corrosion-free halogen gas delivery system for use in semiconductor manufacturing, Cr2O3 passivation of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels has been investigated. It has been shown that a Cr2O3 layer can be formed on an electropolished (EP) surface of ferritic 26Cr–1Mo stainless steel by oxi…
Abstract Using an adiabatic calorimeter direct measurements of the heat capacity of the liquid Si 15 Te 85 , Ge 15 Te 85 , Sn 15 Te 85 , Pb 11 Te 89 , Pb 11 Te 89 and Bi 10 Te 90 alloys and of liquid tellurium have been performed. The heat capacity has been measured as a function of temperature up to about 100 K above…
Using a previously developed theory of nematic liquid crystals (Singh, Y., and Singh, K., 1986, Phys. Rev. A, 33, 3481) we present the calculation of elastic constants of discoticnematic liquid crystals and study the variation of elastic constants with packing fraction. The expressions for elastic moduli associated wi…
Abstract Lichtquellen hoher Leuchtdichte sind Schlüsselkomponenten für das Projektionsfernsehen. Mit der Entwicklung der UHP‐Lampe (Ultra‐High‐Performance) von Philips wurde hier ein entscheidender Durchbruch erzielt. Durch die erstmalige Realisierung einer Quecksilber‐Höchstdruckentladung mit einem Halogen‐Kreisproze…
Carbon nanostructures were prepared by catalytic decomposition of benzene on Co/SiO2 catalysts at 873 K. As a function of particle size and reactive mixture, carbon filaments and nanotubes were obtained and various shapes observed such as straight, curved and helically-coiled nanotubes. Particularly, it was shown that…
A two‐dimensional model is developed for transport of oxygen in a porous solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode with negligible oxygen ion conductivity in the bulk. Adsorption and surface diffusion of oxygen adsorbates on the pore walls interfacial diffusion of adsorbates, and electrochemical reaction kinetics at the el…
Oxide film characterizations and electrochemical measurements were carried out on crevices of austenitic stainless alloys to investigate the acceleration mechanism of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in high-temperature water. When the chromium concentration was sufficient, type 304 (UNS S30400) stainle…
Abstract In order to evaluate the compatibilizing effects of isocyanate (NCO) functional groups on ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer/high density polyethylene (EVOH/HDPE) blends, HDPE grafted with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐isophorone diisocyanate (HDEP‐g‐HI) was prepared and blended with EVOH. The grafting was confir…
Using mean field theory with a P2θ2 coupling term in the free energy expansion, we calculate the polarization as a function of temperature for the smectic A-smectic C* phase transition in a liquid crystalline material. Our calculated polarization values are in good agreement with the experimental data.
The role of the substrate in determining heat dissipation in high power electronics is calculated, subject to convective cooling in the small Biot number regime. Analytical models that exploit the large aspect ratio of the substrate to justify approximations are shown to predict the behavior with good accuracy over a…
Radiation damage of polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) is investigated irradiating thin films with 100–300 keV helium beams. The damage is deduced by measuring in situ the molecular ejection from the irradiated polymer with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The main ejected molecular masses are 2, 15, 16, 18, 26, 28 and 44, c…
Poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres [poly(SerMA-co-MMA), poly(AlaMAm-co-MMA), poly(AlaEMA-co-MMA), and poly(AlaMAm/AlaEMA-co-MMA)] modified with O-methacryloyl-L-serine (SerMA), N-methacryloyl-L-alanine (AlaMAm) and L-alanine 2-methacryloyloxyethyl ester (AlaEMA) were prepared by the emulsifier-free emulsion copoly…
A novel ceramic synthesis technique, combustion synthesis, was used to produce submicron-sized Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}:Eu{sup 3+} phosphors. This technique exploits the exothermic redox reaction of yttrium and europium nitrates (oxidizers) with urea (CH{sub 4}N{sub 2}O) fuel (reducing agent). Resulting powders were luminesce…
Sintering of In 2 O 3 has been carried out in air to full density. Because of the difference in densification between the agglomerates and the matrix, large interagglomerate pores were observed to form at the initial stage of sintering. Such pore formation could be prevented by applying a small external pressure which…
Abstract An attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of so…
Interconnect metallization, used for the fabrication of silicon (Si) semiconductor devices, utilizes sputtered stacks often composed of thin (⩽100 nm) titanium (Ti), titanium nitride (TiN), or Ti/TiN underlayer(s), covered by aluminum (Al) alloy conductors 400–1000 nm in thickness. The texture (preferred orientation)…
Abstract The Gibbs energy of formation Δ f G o of hexagonal α‐SiC was determined by electromotive force (emf) measurements between 1200 and 1300 K using the galvanic cell Si, SiO 2 |Th(Y)O 2 |SiO 2 , α‐SiC, C which gives ( T in K): Δ f G o (α‐SiC) =‐94770+24.24· T J/mol. The third‐law enthalpy of formation was calcula…
Abstract Applications of benzotriazole methodology for the preparation of heterocyclic compounds are reviewed. The characteristic advantages of benzotriazole as a synthetic auxiliary are first briefly considered. This is followed by a summary of its use in ring synthesis in which the construction of small; five‐member…
Abstract Polymer stabilization has been an active area of research and development for several decades. In this review, advances in phosphite chemistry are discussed with regard to hydrolysis resistance and color retention. The use of lactones as carbon centered radical traps is reviewed with examples showing the incr…