Materials Literature
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In most electrochemical capacitor applications it is necessary to series a set of capacitors (cells) to obtain a single capacitor capable of operating at a desired voltage. Performance modeling of these devices has proven difficult because of their nonideal behavior and the need to series a large number of equivalent…
Because of thermocapillary flow or other mechanisms, particles move in temperature and concentration gradients. In a system undergoing a first-order phase transition via nucleation and growth, such gradients are caused by particles themselves. This leads to a long-range interaction in which particles will attract or r…
The characteristics of flash-deposited and thin-film thermoelectric generators are described. The overall Seebeck coefficient for a single couple in the generator ( forming the n-type thermoelement and forming the p-type element) is . This value approaches the figures presented for these materials in bulk form. The re…
Magnesium hydroxide sulfate [2MgSO 4 .Mg(OH) 2 ; MHS] is tetragonal with a = 7.454 (1), c = 12.885 (2) Å, V = 716.0 Å 3 , space group P 4 3 2 1 2, Z = 4 and D x 2.774 g cm −3 . The structure (single-crystal X-ray, R = 0.025, wR = 0.023) comprises spiral (43) single chains of corner-shared Mg(2) octahedra cross-linked…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTAnalysis of Synthetic Polymers and RubbersP. B. Smith, A. J. Pasztor, M. L. McKelvy, D. M. Meunier, S. W. Froelicher, and F. C.-Y. WangView Author Information Analytical Sciences Laboratory, Dow Chemical U.S.A., 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 19…
The molecular weight distribution and the long-chain branching distribution of low-density polyethylene are predicted as a function of the synthesis conditions from a kinetic model for an autoclave reactor. The model includes initiations, propagation, termination by combination and disproportionation, and chain transf…
Iron, copper, and nickel electrodes were examined as possible metal/metal(II) chloride cathodes for the room temperature sodium/metal chloride battery in a molten salt composed of sodium chloride (NaCl), aluminum chloride , and 1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium chloride (MEIC). The iron electrode was investigated in basic,…
Using wools with different diameter characteristics, the acceptability of worsted spun single 12 gauge jersey fabric for next-to-skin wear is assessed by wearing sleeves against bare arms. This assessment is undertaken with both skilled adult judges and an unskilled group of children aged 9 to 12 years. Both groups fi…
The oxidative degradation of PMR (for olymerization of monomeric reactants) polyimides at elevated temperatures was followed by cross-polarized magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR. 13 C labeling of selected sites in the polymers allowed for direct observation of the transformations arising from oxidation processes. As o…
Abstract A method for deriving kinetic equations of decomposition of thermally unstable chemicals from isothermal DSC experiments was developed. The following steps are included in the method: collecting experimental data in the form of heat flow versus time from isothermal DSC experiments at three or four different t…
X-ray-absorption fine-structure studies of the local structure of large Pb and Sn substitutional impurities in GeTe were carried out. The local environment of these atoms in ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.1}$Te and ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.85}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{0.15}$Te solid solutions was shown to be strongly distorte…
Summary The fine earth (<2 mm) and rock fragments (>2 mm) fractions of two soils derived from Oligocene sandstone have been examined to assess the origin of the discrepancies between cation exchange capacity (CEC) and effective CEC (ECEC). The soils differ in terms of acidity: soil A is more acid than soil B. Wh…
Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were prepared using the Aerosol-OT (AOT)/heptane inverse-micelle method. The particle size was controlled by changing the [H 2 O]/[AOT] ratio in the preparation process to be ca. 3 nm, which was estimated from their absorption maximum ( ca. 385 nm) and absorption edge ( ca. 450 nm)…
The thermoplastics processing of natural hydrophilic polymers in the presence of water is a recent development with very wide possible applications. Eventually, oil-based polymer materials could be replaced in many applications by inexpensive, natural products from renewable resources. As with conventional thermoplast…
The new compounds CsTaQ 3 (Q = S, Se, and Te) have been synthesized through stoichiometric reactions of the elements with Cs 2 Q n reactive fluxes at 923 K. Their crystal structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. CsTaQ 3 crystallize in the hexagonal space group − P 6 3 / mmc with two formula uni…
Abstract X-ray diffraction chlorite crystallinity (ChC) indices and major element chemical compositions of chlorites and bulk rocks were determined and correlated in meta-igneous rocks from different Mesozoic formations in various tectonic units of the Bükk Mountains, NE Hungary. The rocks, of basic to acidic composit…
The current status of photoelectron-diffraction studies of surface structures is briefly reviewed, and several recent developments and proposals for future areas of application are then discussed. The application of full-solid-angle diffraction data, together with simultaneous characterization by low-energy electron-d…
Triplet−triplet intramolecular energy transfer in a covalently linked copper(II) porphyrin−free base porphyrin hybrid dimer was examined by time-resolved (TR) ESR measurements of the lowest excited triplet (T 1 ) state of the free base porphyrin component after laser pulse excitation at 532 nm. The TRESR spectra of th…
The regeneration of LB films of (trimethylsilyl)cellulose (TMSC) ( 1 ) to ultrathin films of cellulose ( 2 ) is monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Subsequent chemical derivatization of these regenerated cellulose films with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) ( 3 ) to give the corresponding cellulose tr…
What exactly is an interface , and when is an interphase the more correct concept? The nature of interfaces and the phenomena occurring there are described before the role of interphases is illustrated with a series of examples taken from purely artificial systems (e.g., polymer and polymer‐metal “interfaces”) and nat…