Materials Literature
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Abstract Prograde evolution of illite/smectite occurring in an unusually-thick (8000 m) sequence of Mesozoic-Cenozoic sediments in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin, Spain, has been studied using XRD and TEM/AEM. The sediments, which are only slightly tilted, cover the range from smectite to illite, and the most deeply buri…
Structural parameters and their thermal changes in natural magnetite, Fe 3 O 4 , have been studied using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method in the temperature range 126–773 K. The cell dimensions, oxygen coordinate and atomic mean square displacements (m.s.d.'s) reversibly change as a function of temperature.…
When cells of two auxotrophic mutants of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius are mixed and incubated on solid medium, they form stable genetic recombinants which can be selected, enumerated, and characterized. Any of a variety of auxotrophic markers can recombine with each other, and the phenomenon has been observed at temperat…
Haloalkane dehalogenase converts halogenated alkanes to their corresponding alcohols. The active site is buried inside the protein and lined with hydrophobic residues. The reaction proceeds via a covalent substrate-enzyme complex. This paper describes a steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of the convers…
A finite-element formulation which derives constitutive response from crystal plasticity theory is used to examine localized deformation in fcc polycrystals. The polycrystals are (simple) idealized three-dimensional arrangements of grains, and many elements per grain. Non-uniform deformations within individual grains…
ABSTRACT Three potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: tetra‐ t ‐butyl phthalocyaninato Zn(II), tetrakis‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐phthalimido)ethylphthalocyaninato Zn(II), and tetrakis‐(1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐amino)ethylphthalocyaninato Zn(II), have been studied in homogeneous organic media. Dimerization constants and mon…
Abstract Kaolin has been used as an alternative cheap raw material for the synthesis of zeolite 4A. Two steps are involved in the reaction: (1) dehydroxylation of kaolin at 550–900°C to form an activated X-ray amorphous material called metakaolin; (2) hydrothermal treatment of metakaolin with aqueous alkali to form th…
The polarization resistance of composite electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells was modeled by three‐dimensional random‐resistor networks. These were generated on a computer by identifying neighbors in cubic lattices randomly occupied by electrolyte particles (ionic conductors) or electrode particles (electronic conduc…
Components of the proteinaceous cement secreted by barnacles have yet to be studied because of their insolubility. We solubilized and characterized the proteins of secondary cement, which is produced when the barnacle is detached from the substratum, in Megabalanus rosa. The cement was fractionated, according to its s…
A constant‐concentration, constant‐capacitance, macrohomogeneous porous‐electrode model is used to investigate the effects of side reactions on the charging and cycling of electrochemical double‐layer capacitors. A porous carbon capacitor with sulfuric acid electrolyte is a typical system, and corresponding physical p…
We discuss recent advances made in the theory and measurements of stresses and strains in Si-based heterostructures containing submicron- and micron-size features. Several reports on theoretical as well as experimental studies of stresses in the substrates with local oxidation of silicon structures on the surface have…
The comonomer distributions of commercial linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPE) and linear very low density polyethylenes (VLDPE) produced with traditional high activity Ziegler–Natta (Z–N) catalysts were characterized by temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF). In order to develop faster characterization m…
The dielectric behavior of a solid solution, 10 mol % lead titanate in lead magnesium niobate, vs temperature at different frequencies is measured and analyzed. The shortcomings of the Vogel–Fulcher relationship are discussed. A more reasonable new relationship: ω=ω0 exp[−(T0/Tm)p] is introduced to characterize the re…
Abstract Immersion of consecutively adsorbed polyanion/polycation multilayer films in solutions of different ionic strength causes reversible thickness changes. Swelling of the films up to 18% was observed after soaking the films in aqueous solutions of NaCl at concentrations up to 1.0 mol/1. X‐ray reflectivity clearl…
α-Al 2 O 3 :C is a highly sensitive material for thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD), but exhibits strong light-induced fading. This light sensitivity can be exploited, however, in optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry (OSLD) when the detector is stimulated with light after exposure to radiation and luminescence…
The crystal structure of the lightly doped insulating system ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ with $x<~0.17$ has been studied in detail using neutron diffraction. It has been established that this system has two orthorhombic phases. One is the ${O}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ pha…
Barium strontium titanate, (Ba x ,Sr 1‐x TiO 3 , thin films of various compositions were prepared by a sol‐gel method. Solutions consisting of acetate powders and titanium IV isopropoxide in a mixture of acetic acid and ethylene glycol were spin‐coated onto silicon and platinum‐coated silicon substrates. Processing pa…
Sugar kinases, stress-70 proteins, and actin belong to a superfamily defined by a fold consisting of two domains with the topology beta beta beta alpha beta alpha beta alpha. These enzymes catalyze ATP phosphoryl transfer or hydrolysis coupled to a large conformational change in which the two domains close around the…
UNLABELLED: The receptor-mediated endocytosis uptake pathway for the vitamin folate was investigated as a target for tumor-selective radiopharmaceutical delivery. The molecular target for this delivery mechanism is a membrane-associated folate binding protein (FBP) that is overexpressed by a variety of malignant cell…
Crystallization processes were studied for germanium–antimony–tellurium (Ge–Sb–Te) ternary amorphous thin film as a single layer or sandwiched between various dielectric films, such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), siricon nitride (Si3N4), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and ZnS–20 mol % SiO2. The processes were…