Materials Literature
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The mechanism of the electrical resistivity increase above the Curie temperature TC [so-called positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) effect] in BaTi1−x−yNbxMnyO3 ceramics is studied with the temperature-dependent resistivity and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data and the calculated energy leve…
The combination of x-ray Brillouin scattering data with coherent inelastic neutron scattering results in vitreous silica allows us to identify the scattering mechanisms for high-frequency sound waves in the glass. Below one THz, one has resonant scattering from low-frequency vibrations, above one THz Rayleigh scatteri…
Polarization properties of ceria‐based anodes dispersed with nanometer‐sized Ru catalysts, which we developed for medium‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells, were greatly improved by controlling the composition and microstructure. Among samaria‐doped ceria (SDC) anodes with compositions of (0 ≦ x ≦ 0.4) a SDC anode wit…
Nonisothermal electron transport in thin barrier heterostructures is investigated using Monte Carlo techniques. Particular attention is paid to the energy balance in thermionic emission, and the Joule heating in the barrier region. By introducing an energy relaxation length, an equation for the temperature distributio…
A series of styrene- d 8 /4-hydroxystyrene graft and block copolymers has been prepared by “living” radical and anionic techniques for use in interfacial strengthening studies at the polystyrene/poly(2-vinylpyridine), PS/PVP, interface. The following copolymers in which A and B segments represent poly(styrene- d 8 ) a…
Analytical and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopies were used to study the structure and chemistry of two‐grain boundaries and three‐grain junctions in polycrystalline alumina sintered with additions of between 0 and 10 wt% calcium silicate. Addition of calcium silicate greatly aided full densification a…
Multidimensional deuteron NMR provides powerful tools for studying molecular reorientation in supercooled liquids. We present results on selectively deuterated toluene-${d}_{5},$ which may be one of the molecularly most simple van der Waals glass formers. From two-time correlation functions the time scale of reorienta…
Transmission-electron-microscopy measurements characterizing the structure and charge-ordered states in ${\mathrm{LaSr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ are presented. The crystal structure of this phase has been identified as a well-defined 327 layered structure by high-resolution electron microscopy and image…
The positivity of the Patterson function is used as prior information for the decomposition of a powder diffraction pattern. An automatic procedure is described which, integrated with the Le Bail method, is able to provide estimates of |F| values that are often remarkably better than those obtained by application of s…
Small block copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block and a second, also hydrophilic, moiety which strongly interacts with alkaline earth ions were synthesized by diverse reaction sequences based on poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ethers (MW = 2000 and 5000 g/mol, respectively). These startin…
Stainless steel strip cladding is a flexible and economical way of depositing a corrosion resistant, protective layer on a load‐bearing mild or low alloy steel. Strip cladding is therefore widely used in the production of components for the chemical, petrochemical and nuclear industries, for example.
The phase diagram of the cubic ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy Ni 2+ x Mn 1− x Ga is constructed theoretically for the case when the Curie temperature is close to the structural transition temperature. This diagram agrees well with the experimental data obtained from resistance and magnetic susceptibility measurement…
Structures and energies for BLi n ( n = 1−3) are investigated with various basis sets and with different levels of theory, including single reference- and multireference-based correlated methods up to QCISD(T)/6-311+G(3 df )//MP2(full)/6-311+G( d ), MCQDPT2/6-311+G(2 df )// CASSCF/6-31G( d ), G2, and G2(MP2) theory. B…
Abstract The smectite-to-illite diagenetic transformation has been documented in 5 different sedimentary basins using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Intermediate reaction products coexisting because of the effect of kinetics on this reaction have been characterized using decomposition of XRD patterns and comparison with cal…
The crystallographic problem: In a powder diffractometer, the curvature of the Debye---Scherrer rings causes an asymmetry in the peak profiles as the Bragg angle approaches either 0 or 180 °. For accurate Rietveld refinement, this asymmetry, which is known as axial divergence, must be modeled correctly. Traditionally,…
A domain wall model is proposed for relaxor ferroelectrics typified by Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3. Under a large applied field or a large internal field, domain walls move over a long distance by overcoming localized barriers. This movement is responsible for the hysteresis loop and depolarization at temperatures below T max. The…
Hexagonal plate martensite in titanium alloys contains a dense substructure whose character and origins have not been completely addressed in the literature. The substructure is shown to consist of columnar domains which extend along basal planes from the midrib of the martensite plates to the habit plane and are boun…
A Monte Carlo model was used to simulate specimen-electron beam interactions relevant to electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). Electron trajectories were calculated for a variety of likely experimental conditions to examine the interaction volume of the incident electrons as well as that of the subset of inciden…
The amount of plasma protein adsorbed on a phospholipid polymer having a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) moiety was reduced compared to the amount of protein adsorbed onto poly[2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)], poly[n-butyl methacrylate (BMA)], and BMA copolymers with acrylamide (AAm) or N-vinyl pyrr…
A theory was formulated for the description of circularly polarized fluorescence (CPF) from a chiral nematic film in the spectral region outside the selective reflection band. The CPF theory incorporates: (1) the ability of a chiral nematic film to accomplish both circular dichroism and circular polarization and (2) l…