Materials Literature
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Optical emission study of the laser ablation plasma plume during the preparation of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films using KrF excimer (248 nm) pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been carried out by means of a monochromator equipped with an intensified optical multichannel analyzer. In high vacuum (1×10−7 Torr), the emi…
We describe a method for the explicit determination of the segment density profile φ(z) of surface-attached polymer brushes with multiple angle of incidence null-ellipsometry. Because the refractive index contrast between the brush layer and the solvent is weak, multiple reflections are of minor influence and the elli…
Quasi-isothermal temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry was employed in a study of thermoreversible structural changes in the melting range of semicrystalline polymers. The results indicated a reversible melting and crystallization process occurring at the fold surfaces of crystallites of polyethylene…
We present a microscopic characterization of composite thin films made of CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) dispersed in a polynorbornene-based block copolymer with surface-passivating and electron transport functionalities. We used two types of nanocrystals, CdSe with pure organic capping groups (“bare”)…
The resistivity and thermopower of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{Na}}_{1.1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are measured and analyzed. In ${\mathrm{Na}}_{1+x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4},$ whereas the resistivity increases with x, the thermo…
The incipient crystallization of needlelike forms of organic salts, such as ammonium dl-tartrate or ammonium oxalate, has been used for the templating of sol−gel reactions to produce hollow silica fibers and filaments with geometrically shaped channels. By judicious control of both the crystallization and hydrolysis−c…
In the present work, we study the sensitivity of the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to ion induced defects in polycrystalline diamond films. The ion bombardment of hydrogenated films is performed using 30 keV Xe+ ions at room temperature for doses ranging from 2×1013 ions/cm2, producin…
CdS nanoparticles (NP), 22 Å, have been synthesized from cadmium 2-ethylhexanoate in DMSO as a uniformly sized dispersion. After ripening, CdS exhibits a sharp excitonic emission peak at 402 nm, while in freshly prepared dispersions a broad trapped emission at 510 nm dominates. By using one- and two-dimensional NMR sp…
The nonradiative recombination of an exciton due to a collision with another exciton (i.e., Auger recombination) is the dominant loss mechanism for excitons at high densities in photoexcited ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}\mathrm{O}.$ The principal evidence is that (a) the observed lifetime of excitons shortens substantially at hi…
The full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method has been employed to determine electronic density of states, $1s$ core level shifts, and total $1s$ core ionization energies for the isoelectronic compounds graphite, diamond, ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}{\mathrm{N}}_{4},$ and graphitic ${\mathrm{C}}_{11}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}.…
Silver has been successfully intercalated underneath a monolayer of graphite (MG) adsorbed on Ni(111) by deposition on the MG/Ni(111) surface at room temperature and subsequent annealing to 350-400 °C. The surface phonon dispersion of the MG/Ag/Ni(111) system has been measured in the direction of the Brillouin zone us…
Sulfur doped graphite is obtained by arc vaporization of graphite rods in the presence of thiophenes. The surfaces of the carbon rods become coated with a layer of a sulfur-doped carbon. X-ray diffraction indicates a small d spacing expansion, and there is a slight decrease in the electrical conductivity of the doped…
Individual nitrogen-vacancy defect centers have been investigated by low-temperature confocal microscopy and fluorescence excitation spectroscopy. At temperatures below 90 K the fluorescence intensity of individual centers drastically diminishes because of the population of a metastable singlet state in near resonance…
The change of the electronic and magnetic properties as well as the charge-ordering (CO) transition related with lattice dynamics has been systematically investigated for crystals of ${R}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2/3}{\mathrm{FeO}}_{3} (R=\mathrm{La},$ Pr, Nd, Sm, and Gd) by transmission electron microscopy and measurement…
We have calculated the quasiparticle band gaps of ZnO, ZnS, and ZnSe in zinc-blende structure within the GW approximation using a full random-phase approximation dielectric matrix. The linear muffin-tin orbital basis was used for this calculation and the $3d$ orbitals of the Zn atom were treated as valence band in eve…
Calculations of the electronic structure demonstrate that band gap modification such as opening and closure is easily achieved by radial deformations perpendicular to the tube axis. Deformations open the gap in metallic armchair tubes only if the mirror symmetries are broken, and further distortions greatly enhance th…
Luminescence spectra of lanthanides in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region have revealed interesting features for ${4f}^{n}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{4f}^{n\ensuremath{-}1}5d$ $(f\ensuremath{-}d)$ transitions. For ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{3+},$ ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{3+},$ ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+},$ ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+},$ and ${\mathr…
This paper described the optical properties of CdSe and CdSe/CdS nanoparticles, synthesized by the microemulsion method followed by refluxing in toluene/methanol (60:1). Both optical spectroscopy and structural characterization (XPS, XRD, and HRTEM) suggested the core/shell structure of CdSe/CdS samples. Most notable…
We analyze the high-electric-field technique designed by Yokoyama and van Sprang [J. Appl. Phys. 57, 4520 (1985)] to determine the polar anchoring coefficient W of a nematic liquid crystal-solid substrate. The technique implies simultaneous measurement of the optical phase retardation and capacitance as functions of t…
Closed cell foams of broad molecular weight distribution commercial polystyrene samples, prepared by expansion of supercritical-CO 2 -swollen specimens, exhibit cell diameters that are ∼3−10 times (19−24 μm) larger than those of foams prepared from polystyrene samples with narrow molecular weight (NMW) distributions (…