Materials Literature
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A novel procedure for fabricating nanoarchitectures of ultrathin titania layers was developed by using assembled latex particles and tobacco mosaic viruses (TMV) as templates. Latex particles and TMVs were assembled on the surface and then covered with ultrathin titania films by the surface sol−gel process. When the s…
Abstract Although there are significant differences between high‐speed melt spinning and melt blowing (MB), they are similar in many important components. This study, motivated by the need to better understand the bicomponent MB process, used the basic theories of high‐speed melt spinning to estimate the fiber tempera…
Abstract The phase morphology and oil resistance of 20/80 NR/NBR blends filled with different types of fillers and copolymers were investigated. In the case of filler effect, N220, N330, and N660 carbon blacks with different particle sizes were used. Additionally, the blends filled with nonblack‐reinforcing fillers, t…
The relative distribution of rare-earth ions ${R}^{3+}$ (${\mathrm{D}\mathrm{y}}^{3+}$ or ${\mathrm{H}\mathrm{o}}^{3+}$) in the phosphate glass $R{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{0.30}{\mathrm{P}}_{3.05}{\mathrm{O}}_{9.62}$ was measured by employing the method of isomorphic substitution in neutron diffraction. It is found that…
Abstract A silane coupling agent (SCA) was used as a compatibilizer for polypropylene–poly(ethylene teraphthalate) (PP–PET) blends with 20, 40, 50, and 60% PET compositions by weight. PP–PET mixtures were blended with and without an SCA by a single‐screw extruder. The effect of silane modification on the tensile and i…
Abstract Calixarene‐modified chitosans (CTS–CA‐I and CTS–CA‐II) were first synthesized by the reaction of chitosan (CTS‐NH 2 ) with 1,3‐bis‐chloroethoxyethoxy‐2,4‐dihydroxy‐ p ‐ tert ‐butylcalix[4]arene (CA‐I) or its benzoyl derivative (CA‐II). Their structures were characterized by infrared and X‐ray diffraction spec…
The thermal cis → trans isomerization of azobenzene groups covalently attached to chains of undrawn and drawn polyethylene films (Azo-PE) has been examined in a temperature range that is well above the glass transition and well below the melting transition. Isomerizations in undrawn films at all temperatures and in a…
Abstract The development of self‐assembled ZnO nanoparticles within a diblock copolymer matrix using wet chemical processing specific to ZnO is reported. Diblock copolymers consisting of polynorbornene and poly(norbornene–dicarboxcylic acid) (NOR/NORCOOH) were synthesized with a block repeat unit ratio of 400 for the…
We present theoretical calculations of the magnetic and electronic structure of Mn-doped GaAs (in the zinc-blende structure). The magnetic properties are shown to be very sensitive to structural defects, in particular, As antisite defects and Mn at interstitial positions. Only when considering such defects can the exp…
Polycarboxylic acids are well-known to affect calcium carbonate crystallization. Agarwal et al. ( Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2003, in press) reported previously the synthesis of polymaleimide by a variety of techniques and initiators. In the present work, the effect of these polymers on calcium carbonate crystallization was…
The low flammability of poly(3,3‘-dihydroxybiphenylisophthalamide) (PHA) and its halogen, methoxy, phosphinate, or phosphate derivatives was characterized by multiple analytical techniques, emphasizing the thermal decomposition behavior is the basis for the polymer flammability. Pyrolysis gases from these polymers wer…
A generalized Landau-Ginzburg model is constructed and used to develop a methodology for analyzing graded ferroic materials. Material system inhomogeneities are assumed to arise from compositional, temperature, or stress gradients. These spatial nonuniformities are shown to give rise to local order parameters having c…
Abstract Biodegradable poly( l ‐lactide) (PLLA) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) were electrospun into ultrafine fibers. The technological parameters influencing the spinning process and morphology of the fibers obtained were examined. These parameters included solvent composition, addition of certain organic salts, mol…
Hybrid compounds with two functional centers consisting of a metallosalen moiety (M[bond]salen; M = Mn, Co, Ni, and Pd) connected by an alkylene bridging group to a lacunary Keggin type polyoxometalate were synthesized and characterized. In these metallosalen-polyoxometalate compounds (M[bond]salen[bond]POM) it was sh…
This paper describes the synthesis and supramolecular organization of two novel hybrid diblock copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and peptide sequences inspired by the coiled coil protein folding motif. The self-organization of the diblock copolymers is driven by the tendency of the peptide segments to fo…
This article reviews the progress of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ultra-high vacuum, starting with its invention and covering most of the recent developments. Today, dynamic force microscopy allows to image surfaces of conductors \emph{and} insulators in vacuum with atomic resolution. The mostly used technique for…
The structure of single atoms in real space is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy. Very high resolution is possible by a dramatic reduction of the tip-sample distance. The instabilities which are normally encountered when using small tip-sample distances are avoided by oscillating the tip of the scanning tu…
The role that occupied $d$ bands play in the inelastic lifetime of bulk and surface states in Ag is investigated from the knowledge of the quasiparticle self-energy. In the case of bulk electrons, $sp$ bands are taken to be free-electron like. For surface states, the surface band structure of $sp$ states is described…
Five different ordered mesoporous silica samples displaying various pore sizes and structures (two small-pore MCM-41, two large-pore MCM-41, and one small-pore MCM-48) and one amorphous silica gel have been grafted with either aminopropyl or mercaptopropyl groups. The resulting aminopropyl-grafted silicas (APS) and me…
A new type of one-dimensional (1D) carbon structure, carbon nanowires (CNWs), was discovered in the cathode deposits prepared by hydrogen arc discharge evaporation of carbon rods. Observation of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicates that a CNW consists of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWN…