Materials Literature
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Abstract Experimental studies using conventional (porous) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes are often rather difficult to interpret in terms of a mechanistic understanding of the electrochemical polarization phenomena. Owing to the complex morphology and structure of porous electrodes, a quantitative determinati…
The goal of this study is to develop a unified picture of the role of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) in the evolution of long-range internal stresses and lattice plane misorientations in the heterogeneous dislocation pattern of deformed crystals. For this purpose, X-ray diffraction techniques are consider…
The pressure-induced changes in the optical properties of the quasi-one-dimensional conductor LaTiO$_{3.41}$ were studied by polarization-dependent mid-infrared micro-spectroscopy at room temperature. For the polarization of the incident radiation parallel to the conducting direction, the optical conductivity spectrum…
A ZrB 2 –SiC–ZrC composite was prepared from a mixture of zirconium, silicon, and B 4 C via reactive hot pressing at a relatively low temperature (1800°C) for 60 min under 20 MPa in an argon atmosphere. The relative density was 96.8%, the micro‐hardness (Hv10) was 16.7 GPa, and the fracture toughness was 5.1 MPa·m 1/2…
The optical transition energies, ${E}_{11}$ and ${E}_{22}$, of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended in air have been investigated for 20 species by photoluminescence and excitation spectroscopies. We have studied the environmental effects in photoluminescence by comparing our results with those for the SWN…
We exploit the ability to precisely control the magnetic domain structure of perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/Pt trilayers to fabricate artificial domain wall arrays and study their transport properties. The scaling behaviour of this model system confirms the intrinsic domain wall origin of the magnetoresistance, and…
We calculate the resistance and mean free path in long metallic and semiconducting silicon nanowires (SiNWs) using two different numerical approaches: A real space Kubo method and a recursive Green's function method. We compare the two approaches and find that they are complementary: depending on the situation a prefe…
$\mathrm{Nb}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ru}$ is a high-temperature shape-memory alloy that undergoes a martensitic transformation from a parent cubic $\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase into a tetragonal ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ phase at ${T}_{\mathrm{M}}\ensuremath{\sim}900\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\…
We report on polarization-resolved resonant photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of bright (spin $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$1) and dark (spin $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}$2) excitons in colloidal $\mathrm{CdSe}$ nanocrystal quantum dots. Using high magnetic fields to $33\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$, we re…
Individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in aqueous suspension are visualized directly by fluorescence video microscopy. The fluorescent tagging is simple, biocompatible, and does not modify the SWNTs. The dynamics of individual SWNTs in water are observed and quantified for the first time. We measure the con…
A first-principles calculation of the impurity screening in Si and Ge nanocrystals is presented. We show that isocoric screening gives results in agreement with both the linear response and the point-charge approximations. Based on the present ab initio results, and by comparison with previous calculations, we propose…
Copper nanoparticles have been grown in silica matrix by annealing of the sol-gel prepared porous matrix impregnated with the copper nitrate. The annealing has been performed in air, successively in air and hydrogen, and in hydrogen. Cu nanoparticles in size range of 2-65 nm have been grown depending on annealing cond…
This paper investigates the influence of the basis set on the GW self-energy correction in the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) approach and similar linearized all-electron methods. A systematic improvement is achieved by including local orbitals that are defined as second and higher energy deriva…
The reason of the non-locality of constitutive (material) parameters extracted in a usual way from the reflection-transmission coefficients of composite slab at moderately low frequencies is explained. The physical meaning of these parameters is clarified. Local constitutive parameters of metamaterial lattices are dis…
We have studied the spin anisotropy in spin-singlet ground state compounds and the magnetic chirality, as measured by inelastic polarized neutron scattering techniques, in the chain-sublattice of Sr14Cu24O41. In-plane and out of plane magnetic fluctuations are measured to be anisotropic and further discussed in the li…
Considerable progress has been recently made in the theoretical understanding of the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effect in manganites. The existence of inhomogeneous states has been shown to be directly related with this phenomenon, both in theoretical studies and experimental investigations. The analysis of simp…
Point defects in nematics, also called hedgehogs, are topological entities that have no equivalent in ordered atomic solids, despite the homonymy. They have been the subject of intense experimental and, above all, theoretical (analytical and computational) investigations in the last thirty years. They are present in b…
We demonstrate the use of self-assembled luminescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-peptide bioconjugates for the selective intracellular labeling of several eukaryotic cell lines. A bifunctional oligoarginine cell penetrating peptide (based on the HIV-1 Tat protein motif) bearing a terminal polyhistidine tract was sy…
In this work, a rule for predicting half-metallic compensated-ferrimagnets in the class of Heusler compounds will be described. This concept results from combining the well-known Slater–Pauling rule with the Kübler rule. The Kübler rule states that Mn on the Y position in Heusler compounds tends to a highly localized…
We demonstrate a semiconducting material, TiO 2−δ , with ferromagnetism up to 880 K, without the introduction of magnetic ions. The magnetism in these films stems from the controlled introduction of anion defects from both the film–substrate interface as well as processing under an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. The roo…