Materials Literature
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The nature of ion diffusivity in the vitreous conductor $2\mathrm{Ca}({\mathrm{NO}}_{3}{)}_{2}\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}3{\mathrm{KNO}}_{3}$ (CKN) was studied by nonresonant dielectric hole burning. Spectral holes in the electric field relaxation are probed subsequent to a high electric sinusoidal burn field. For…
Low temperature properties of glasses are derived within a generalized tunneling model, considering the motion of charged particles on a closed path in a double-well potential. The presence of a magnetic induction field $\mathit{B}$ violates the time reversal invariance due to the Aharonov-Bohm phase, and leads to flu…
Creep experiments were carried out on amorphous selenium (Se) at temperatures in the vicinity of the glass temperature. The recoverable compliance lacks a plateau, indicating Se chains are too short to form an entanglement network. The measured compliance function was thermorheological complex, even after subtraction…
Computer simulations of radiation processes in an air bubble and an argon bubble are performed under a condition of single-bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL) based on a quasiadiabatic compression model of a bubble collapse. It is clarified that emissions from excited molecules are strongly quenched by high pressure and te…
We report the measurement of third-order optical nonlinearity (χ(3)) of ZnO microcrystallite thin films near the excitonic resonance at various temperatures using the femtosecond degenerate four-wave-mixing technique. The measured χ(3) response times are 270, 240, and 160 fs at 4.2 K, 77 K, and room temperature, respe…
The dynamics of monoepoxy, diepoxy, and triepoxy glass-formers from below to above the glass transition temperature, Tg, has been investigated through the temperature behavior of relaxation times, strengths, and conductivity, determined in a wide frequency range (102–2×1010 Hz). In all systems the main and secondary r…
X-ray scattering study on $({\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.125}{\mathrm{Sm}}_{0.875}{)}_{0.52}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.48}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ has revealed the existence of diffuse scattering in the paramagnetic phase. Its intensity increases with decreasing temperature, but it vanishes at the ferromagnetic transition temperature. This resu…
We demonstrate that the thermal expansion behavior of a material can be substantially modified by the presence of residual stresses. In the case of a composite tube made of two layers of dissimilar steels, in situ neutron diffraction measurements revealed a significant difference in the coefficients of thermal expansi…
Micro-Raman spectroscopy is utilized to study the temperature dependence of domain structures in a high-quality BaTiO3 bulk crystal. For T=4–100 K, the spectra of the initially 90° domain wall region at room temperature exhibit the splitting of A1 mode at ∼244 cm−1 with the appearance of an additional peak at ∼263 cm−…
A significant improvement in the dynamic response time of the in-plane switching nematic liquid crystal mode, useful in flat-panel display applications, is achieved through polymer stabilization. This improvement is achieved by introducing a low-density, stabilizing polymer network that causes the nematic director to…
The electrical conduction behaviors of sol-gel derived Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films on Pt electrodes were analyzed based on a fully depleted film, thermionic field emission, and space charge limited conduction model in the low and high electric field regions, respectively. For films having thicknesses ranging from 15…
X-ray and neutron scattering measurements directly demonstrate the existence of polarons in the paramagnetic phase of optimally doped colossal magnetoresistive oxides. The polarons exhibit short-range correlations that grow with decreasing temperature, but disappear abruptly at the ferromagnetic transition because of…
We report on a femtosecond-resolution study of the plasmon fields in gold nanoparticles using third-harmonic generation. Controlled resonant and off-resonant plasmon excitation is achieved by tailoring the nanoparticle sample by an electron-beam-lithographic method. Comparing the measured third order interferometric a…
We use the doped Fullerenes as an example of how realistic systems can be described by simple models. Starting from the band structure we set up a tight-binding model that describes the t_{1u} conduction band. Adding correlation terms we arrive at a generalized Hubbard Hamiltonian that we treat using quantum Monte Car…
Numerical integration of a stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation is used to study dynamic processes in single-domain nanoscale magnets at nonzero temperatures. Special attention is given to including thermal fluctuations as a Langevin term, and the Fast Multipole Method is used to calculate dipole-dipole interac…
We describe a way of generating films (<2 mm2; <40 μm thick) of aligned Fe-filled carbon nanotubes. These Fe nanowires are usually composed of single Fe crystals, and have dimensions from 5–40 nm outer diameter and <10 μm in length. The carbon tubes, which coat the wires, have external diameters o…
We have isolated a new matrix protein family (N16) which is specific to the nacreous layer of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, and have cloned and characterized the cDNAs coding for the components. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that N16 showed no definitive homology with other protein…
The optical and structural properties of high-quality single-crystal epitaxial MgZnO films deposited by pulsed-laser deposition were studied. In films with up to ∼36 at. % Mg incorporation, we have observed intense ultraviolet band edge photoluminescence at room temperature and 77 K. The highly efficient photoluminesc…
We describe a numerical implementation of self-consistent mean field theory for block copolymers that requires no assumption of the mesophase symmetry. The method is amenable to massively parallel screening of self-assembly in complex block copolymer systems, characterized by high-dimensional parameter spaces. We illu…
Epitaxial thin films of an oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor, Mn-doped ZnO, were fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition technique. Solubility of Mn into ZnO exceeds thermal equilibrium limit as a result of nonequilibrium film growth process. As Mn content is increased, the lattice constants of both a and c axes of w…