Materials Literature
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A template-free approach to fabricate a large area of length-controllable and well-oriented polypyrrole nanowire arrays is developed by using a facial electrochemical polymerization strategy. The diameters of the nanowires range from 80 to 100 nm, and their length can be controlled within the range 1–4 μm. Further, th…
Hierarchical macroporous–mesoporous SBA-15 silicas have been synthesised via dual-templating routes employing liquid crystalline surfactants and polystyrene beads. These offer high surface areas and well-defined, interconnecting macro- and mesopore networks with respective narrow size distributions around 300 nm and 3…
The crystallization and melting behaviors of linear polylactic acid (PLA) treated by compressed CO(2) was investigated. The isothermal crystallization test indicated that while PLA exhibited very low crystallization kinetics under atmospheric pressure, CO(2) exposure significantly increased PLA's crystallization rate;…
Tin is a known resonant impurity in the valence band of ${\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Te}}_{3}$ that was previously reported to enhance the thermoelectric power $S$ of the host material at cryogenic temperatures through resonant scattering. We show here that Sn provides an excess density of states (DOS) about 15 meV below th…
Gold nanocubes demonstrate unique optical properties of the high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield and a remarkably enhanced extinction band at 544 nm. The 4 x 10(-2) PL yield, which is about 200 times higher than that of gold nanorods, allows gold nanocubes to be successfully used in cell imaging of human liver ca…
We have investigated the formation of native defects in anatase ${\text{TiO}}_{2}$ using density functional theory (DFT) modified with on-site Coulomb terms $(\text{DFT}+U)$ applied to both $\text{Ti}\text{ }d$ and $\text{O}\text{ }p$ states. Oxygen vacancies and titanium interstitials are found to be deep donors that…
We report a simple and continuous spinning method that combines twisting and shrinking processes to produce carbon nanotube yarns. In this method, a yarn freshly spun from a super-aligned carbon nanotube array is first twisted and then passes through a volatile solvent for shrinking. The as-produced yarn consists of d…
A novel inverse CeO(2)/CuO catalyst for preferential oxidation of CO in H(2)-rich stream (CO-PROX) has been developed on the basis of a hypothesis extracted from previous work of the group (JACS 2007, 129, 12064). Possible separation of the two competing oxidation reactions involved in the process (of CO and H(2), res…
A liquid-phase chemical process for preferential growth of long ZnO nanowires has been developed. The process effectively suppresses homogeneous nucleation and prevents formation of ZnO particles in the bulk solution while allowing rapid growth of ZnO nanowires on seeded substrates. With this process, ZnO nanowires on…
ZnO hierarchical microstructures with uniform flower-like morphology were prepared on a large scale through a template- and surfactant-free low-temperature (80 °C) aqueous solution route. The product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer−Em…
Just a pinch of salt: Small amounts of salts accelerate and direct the mechanochemical construction of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) from a metal oxide (see scheme; ILAG= ion- and liquid-assisted grinding). The resulting rapid and room-temperature synthesis demonstrates the ability to control mechanosynthesis of met…
Conductive “alkylated” graphene paper is prepared by post-fabrication modification of graphene oxide paper with hexylamine followed by hydrazine reduction in a one-pot process. The “alkylation” with hexylamine stabilizes the stacked paper structure during the reduction, maintaining its well-ordered morphology and resu…
Amorphous materials as diverse as foams, emulsions, colloidal suspensions and granular media can jam into a rigid, disordered state where they withstand finite shear stresses before yielding. Here we review the current understanding of the transition to jamming and the nature of the jammed state for disordered packing…
In the Communication on page 8141 (as well as in the inside cover text on page 7942 and in the table of contents on page 7956) in issue 43, the name of one author was misspelled. The correct name is W. Klopper. The editorial office apologizes for this mistake.
The growth of ZnO nanorods was investigated by having the catalysts in bilayer configurations of Au (top)/Al (bottom), Au/Ni, and Au/In. These catalyst layers were preannealed at 700 or 850 °C in an argon atmosphere. The different growth behaviors were investigated for the complex bilayer catalyst systems in order to…
During an attempt to grow crystals of the nonlinear optical material Cd(3)Zn(3)B(4)O(12) using a KBF(4) flux, crystals of a new cadmium dizinc potassium borate fluoride compound, CdZn(2)KB(2)O(6)F, were unexpectedly isolated. The structure consists of layers constructed of distorted corner-sharing ZnO(3)F tetrahedra a…
ZrO 2 powder and ZrO 2 +WO 3 powder mixture were stacked, cocompacted, and cosintered in a cylindrical die, the processing steps commonly used to fabricate multilayer materials. The soak duration and the mass ratio among layers in the processing have been varied to yield a wide range of final sintered samples. At appr…
The electronic structure of iron chalcogenides Fe1−xS (x=0 and 0.125) were investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear-muffin-tin-orbital band structure method within the local spin-density approximation. At ambient conditions, stoichiometric FeS in the troilite crystal…
The dependence of the refractive index of a coating on the transmission characteristics of a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) on the initial Coupling strength between core and cladding modes is discussed. The coupling strength is modified by changing the UV-induced refractive index, and the transmission of a LPFG vari…
Silver colloidal nanorings have been synthesized by reducing silver ions with NaBH4 in trisodium citrate buffers. pH increase, by addition of NaOH, was used to speed up reduction reaction. The UV-vis absorption spectra of resulting silver nanorings showed two peaks accounting for transverse and longitudinal surface pl…