Materials Literature
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We study the one-dimensional Cahn-Hilliard equation with an additional driving term representing, say, the effect of gravity. We find that the driving field E has an asymmetric effect on the solution for a single stationary domain wall (or ``kink''), the direction of the field determining whether the analytic solution…
Abstract A typical passenger sidewall composition was employed using three elastomer systems NR, BR, and a 50/50 blend of NR and BR. Tensile strips with edge cuts of various depths were strained in two ways continuously increasing extension up to rupture, or repeatedly stretching them to progressively higher strains u…
In the present study, with respect to TIG welding for a TiNi shape-memory alloy wire and sheet, the optimum welding schedule was decided based on the breaking load of the weld and its standard deviation. By performing the cyclic loading-unloading and heating-cooling tests in the neighborhood of the weld, the shape mem…
A new, rigorous model for solving three-dimensional light-scattering problems in the optical lithography process of semiconductor manufacturing is introduced. The new model employs a hybrid approach to solve Maxwell’s equations in the spatial frequency domain with the use of vector potentials. The model extends a succ…
Abstract The [Fe(etz),](BF,), spin‐cross‐over system (etz = 1‐ethyl‐1 H ‐tetrazole) crystallizes in space group P 1 , with the following lattice constants at 298 K: a 10.419(3), b=15.709(1), c = 18.890(2) Å = α = 71.223(9), β =77.986(10), and γ = 84.62(1)° V = 2862.0(9) Å 3 and Z = 3. Two nonequivalent lattice sites,…
A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to fabricate T-phase tantalum diselenide (TaSe 2 ) nanocrystals with sizes ranging from 7 to more than 100 nanometers within the surface layer of 2H-TaSe 2 crystals at liquid helium temperature. Atomic-resolution images elucidate the structural changes between T- and H-ph…
Cell size and ascent rate were measured in individual short chains (2–8 cells) and single cells of positively buoyant marine diatoms from natural populations and cultures. Maximum ascent rates for Rhizosolenia formosa, Rhizosolenia acuminata, Rhizosolenia castracanei, Rhizosolenia debyana, and Ethmodiscus rex suggest…
UHF partial discharge detection in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has advantages over the conventional method. For example, UHF PD detection allows the suppression of high frequency disturbances external to the GIS. UHF PD measurements have been compared with measurements using the conventional IEC 270 method under co…
In cubic polycrystals, combinations of coincidence orientation relationships at a triple junction of grains A, B and C can be obtained by using the equation ΣCA = ΣABΣBC/d2, where d is a common divisor of ΣAB and ΣBC. This paper describes the derivation of this equation and shows several models of polycrystals compose…
A thermoelectric cooling system usually consists of a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) and heat exchangers at the cold side and the hot side. Heat exchangers in TEC systems are designed to minimize their thermal resistance under restrictions such as the size of the system and heat transfer method, because as the thermal re…
The simple fact that electrical neutrality cannot be quickly restored in insulators submitted to electron bombardment leads to a change of the parameters of electron–specimen interaction [distortion of the ϕ(ρz) function] and to possible modifications of the composition of the specimen (mobile ion migration and desorp…
Abstract The pKa values and the 1H NMR spectra of tetraarylporphyrins in the presence of cyclodextrins suggest that the microscopic environment of the positively polarized cavity of cyclodextrin promotes the inclusion of the anionic guest and prohibits the penetration of the cationic guest into the cyclodextrin cavity.
The coordinate transformation method for modeling surface-relief gratings is reformulated with use of the recent results [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A13, 1870 ( 1996)] on the Fourier factorization of products that contain discontinuous periodic functions. The matrix operator of the eigenvalue problem in the traditional formula…
First-principles electronic structure calculations based on a full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method have been used to study the electronic and mechanical properties of the early transition metal C15 Laves phase compounds ${\mathrm{NbCr}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{HfV}}_{2}$. For both compounds, total energies are c…
The flow of a liquid crystal around a particle not only depends on its shape and the viscosity coefficients but also on the direction of the molecules. We studied the resulting drag force on a sphere moving in a nematic liquid crystal MBBA (4-methoxybenzlidene-${4}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-n-butylaniline) in a low Reynold's…
The purpose of this study was to compare the various methods available to separate non-encapsulated drug from large unilamellar liposomes (LUV). Multilamellar liposomes (MLV) were prepared by thin film hydration using distearoylphosphatidylcholine:cholesterol (2:1 molar ratio). MLVs were passed through a 0.2 micron po…
The Bowman-Birk inhibitor from soybean is a small protein that contains a binary arrangement of trypsin-reactive and chymotrypsin-reactive subdomains. In this report, the crystal structure of this anticarcinogenic protein has been determined to 0.28-nm resolution by molecular replacement from crystals grown at neutral…
Abstract A new approach to the ring test is presented in this paper. Three-dimensional elastoplastic finite element modeling with contact has been performed to analyze the stress and strain distribution in the ring, to optimize the ring testing system, and to investigate the effect of friction between the ring specime…
Si 3 N 4 with high thermal conductivity (120 W/(m . K)) was developed by promoting grain growth and selecting a suitable additive system in terms of composition and amount. β‐Si 3 N 4 doped with Y 2 O 3 ‐Nd 2 O 3 (YN system) or Y 2 O 3 ‐A1 2 O 3 (YA system) was sintered at 1700°‐2000°C. Thermal conductivity increased…
Some new examples of favorable interactions between additives in flame retardant formulations have been found. These include the following: phosphorus combinations such as triphenyl phosphate with a tetraphenyl phenylene diphosphate, and char-former combinations such as novolacs with polyphenylene oxide in styrenics,…