Materials Literature
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The water vapor permeability of a given material plays an important part in evaluating the physiological wearing comfort of clothing systems or deter mining the performance characteristics of textile materials used in technical applica tions. Many methods are used for measuring the parameters of water vapor transfer t…
Abstract A model that makes it possible to evaluate the secondary nucleation rate in a pilot‐scale industrial crystallizer is presented. It relates the secondary nucleation rate directly to the volume rate of attrition of large parent crystals. Two other terms are included in the equality, one that expresses the distr…
Good damping materials should exhibit a high loss factor value over a broad temperature range. Polyurethane and polystyrene are highly immiscible polymers with glass transition regions far apart. The interpenetrating polymer network topology can restrict phase separation and result in materials with a broad transition…
A model is presented to interpret in situ laser reflectance interferometry (LRI) measurements of film growth. The model uses no adjustable parameters and measures film thickness, growth rate, attenuation, and root-mean-square (rms) surface roughness in situ and in real time. For the particular case of diamond film gro…
Abstract Highly filled lignin/polyethylene composites, with enhanced mechanical properties, were studied. Composites are prepared using the catalytic grafting technique of polyethylene on lignin particles. This technique improves wetting and dispersion of additives in the matrix as well as interactions between these t…
Abstract Three isomeric bis(ether carboxylic acid)s, 4,4′‐[1,2(1,3 or 1,4)‐phenylenedioxy]dibenzoic acid ( o ‐, m ‐, or p ‐ 3 ) were prepared by nucleophilic substitution reaction of the potassium phenolate of catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone, respectively, with p ‐fluorobenzonitrile, giving the corresponding bi…
In this paper, an attempt of the whole discharge model is proposed. This model is based on an equivalent electrical network, the parameters of which are determined from electromagnetic field and gas discharge theories. It uses the fact that the discharge channel may be likened to a long conductor and employs a typical…
Three-dimensional structures of trypsin with the reversible inhibitor leupeptin have been determined in two different crystal forms. The first structure was determined at 1.7 A resolution with R-factor = 17.7% in the trigonal crystal space group P3(1)21, with unit cell dimensions of a = b = 55.62 A, c = 110.51 A. The…
The absorption coefficients and the Faraday rotation spectra of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite thin films were determined in the visible–near infrared range. The films prepared by rf sputtering in an Ar–O2 atmosphere display magnetic and structural properties which differ from those of the bulk material. Optical and m…
An extension of the theory of elastic material with voids to the case where the material undergoes an irreversible void growth is presented. The particularity of this theory is that the continuum is described by two kinematic variables: the displacements and the variation of the volume fraction of material in the poro…
Polylactides with various degrees of chain regularity-crystalline poly(L-lactide); amorphous poly(L/D-lactide), and amorphous poly(L/DL-lactide)-were processed into high-strength, high-modulus resorable rods using solid-state extrusion through a conical die. The rods with a highly fibrillated structure had flexural st…
The effects of chemical change during sample preparation and low molecular weight chains of low density polyethylene (LDPE) have been investigated in order to clarify the origins for heterocharge in LDPE which does not contain antioxidants. The carbonyls formed at the surface of polyethylene (PE) sheet prepared at 180…
Films of Ti oxide and Ti oxyfluoride were produced by reactive magnetron sputtering of Ti in Ar+O2(+CF4). Compositional and structural analyses were accomplished by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrochemical char…
Nucleation and crystal growth rates and properties were studied in a two‐stage heat treatment process for Fe 2 O 3 ‐CaO‐SiO 2 glasses. Glass transition (T g ) and crystallization temperatures (T c ) for the glasses lay between about 612.0° and 710.0°C, and 858.5° and 905.0°C, respectively, and magnetite was the main c…
Dexco Polymers (a Dow/Exxon partnership) has been manufacturing VectorR SIS polymers since 1990.1 This paper describes experiments carried out to study Vector SIS polymers and model pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) formulations based on Exxon Chemical's EscorezR 1310LC tackifier. The adhesive behavior of tackified po…
The chemical nature of Si(100) and (111) surfaces during immersion in dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution was investigated ‘‘in situ’’ and in real time using infrared absorption spectroscopy in the multiple internal reflection geometry. In dilute HF solution, the Si surface is not completely terminated with hydroge…
Adhesion of Azospirillum brasilense to glass and polystyrene was investigated by bringing the cells into contact with the support by sedimentation. Adhesion depended on time and temperature: lower adhesion densities were observed when the contact time was only 2 h or 6 h, as compared to 24 h, or when the test was perf…
This paper reports the results of a basic study of testing methods to replace the DC after laying test that is presently most frequently used as an after laying test for XLPE power cable lines. Chosen as the alternative waveforms for DC voltage were damped oscillating wave (OSW) and very-low-frequency wave (VLF) volta…
A deuterium NMR study of the pentylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal confined to a controlled pore glass matrix with pore radii of 12, 150, and 200 nm was performed. In the 12-nm sample the nematic to isotropic transition is gradual. In the nematic phase the absorption spectrum is substantially narrowed due to translationa…
The influence of reducing sintering conditions on anisotropic grain growth in BaTiO 3 was studied above the BaTiO 3 ‐Ba 6 Ti 17 O 40 eutectic temperature. The morphology and structure of exaggeratedly grown grains was examined by X‐ray powder diffractometry, scanning electron micros‐copy, and high‐resolution transmiss…