Materials Literature
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Addition of a coligand in reactions of phosphonates with salts of late 3d metals can lead to more soluble and tractable materials, such as the {Co13} cage shown (Co: green; P: purple). The structure contains two central PhPO32− ligands, surrounded by a hexanuclear cobalt helix, capped by seven further cobalt sites.
We model a cubic-to-tetragonal martensitic transition by a Ginzburg-Landau free energy in the symmetric strain tensor. We show in three dimensions (3D) that solving the St. Venant compatibility relations for strain, treated as independent field equations, generates three anisotropic long-range potentials between the t…
Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films were investigated as a function of substrate deposition temperature and background gas pressure…
Strong piezoelectricity in perovskite-type PbZn1−xTixO3 (PZT) and Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PZN–PT) systems is generally associated with the existence of a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating regions with rhombohedral and tetragonal symmetry. An x-ray study of PZN–9% PT has revealed the presence of an orthorho…
A metal-free approach to the living ring-opening polymerization (ROP, shown schematically) of lactide has been developed using strongly basic amines such as 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine as transesterification catalysts. These organic catalysts must be used in combination with a nucleophile such as an alcohol, which is th…
This lecture is not directly related to our discovery and development of conducting polymers to which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000 was awarded. However, I would like to present my previous work that I had carried out just before we reached the discovery of chemical doping. I hope that this will be of use and deep…
When asked to explain the importance of the discovery of conducting polymers, I offer two basic answers: first they did not (could not?) exist, and second, that they offer a unique combination of properties not available from any other known materials. The first expresses an intellectual challenge; the second expresse…
, now commonly known as the prototype conducting polymer, could be p- or n-doped either chemically or electrochemically to the metallic state, the development of the field of conducting polymers has continued to accelerate at an unexpectedly rapid rate and a variety of other conducting polymers and their derivatives h…
The proteins involved in the utilization of L-arabinose by Bacillus subtilis are encoded by the araABDLMNPQ-abfA metabolic operon and by the araE/araR divergent unit. Transcription from the ara operon, araE transport gene, and araR regulatory gene is induced by L-arabinose and negatively controlled by AraR. The purifi…
The field identity of the long-range surface plasmon (LRSP) mode in an asymmetric metal dielectric structure is elucidated and it is shown that it can be pictured as having a zero crossing of the longitudinal electric field at the middle of the metal film. A parametric dependence between the metal and the dielectric l…
Silver clusters with size ranging from a few nanometers to several nanometers are formed in zirconia matrix and have been characterized by low frequency Raman scattering (LFRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Surface acoustic vibrational modes of the Ag nanoclusters are obs…
We studied the temperature dependence of the stress-strain hysteresis in [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 CuCl 4 and [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 ZnCl 4 single crystals grown by the slow evaporation method. From the obtained results, we determined that [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 CuCl 4 and [N(CH 3 ) 4 ] 2 ZnCl 4 single crystals have ferroelastic characterist…
The ionic conductivity in liquid Ag–Se and Ag–Te systems has been measured using a residual potential technique. The ionic conductivity in the liquid Ag–Se system exhibits a local maximum at the stoichiometric composition of Ag 2 Se. This maximum decreases rapidly with increasing temperature. The liquid Ag–Te system h…
Aminoacylase was identified in cell extracts of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus by its ability to hydrolyze N-acetyl-L-methionine and was purified by multistep chromatography. The enzyme is a homotetramer (42.06 kDa per subunit) and, as purified, contains 1.0 +/- 0.48 g-atoms of zinc per subunit. Tr…
We consider the adsorption of a semiflexible polymer chain onto interfaces and surfaces by using the differential equation of the distribution function G(R,L) of the end-to-end distance R, which is associated with the moment expansion of the latter. We present the results of the approximative treatment consisting of t…
Instead of the conventional flat collimator a curved collimator was used in double-crystal x-ray topography. The curvature of the collimator was adjusted so that the Bragg condition for x-ray diffraction was uniformly satisfied over a wide area of the silicon wafer. The image area of the wafer was wide enough to chara…
The complete Bacillus subtilis genome contains four genes (proG, proH, proI, and comER) with the potential to encode Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, a proline biosynthetic enzyme. Simultaneous defects in three of these genes (proG, proH, and proI) were required to confer proline auxotrophy, indicating that…
We have studied theoretically the effect of an external electric field on the equilibrium properties of lamellar and cylindrical assembly in confined diblock copolymers. The critical electric field at which a vertical morphology of lamellae is preferred over a horizontal configuration is found to have only a weak expl…
Scanning anode field emission microscopy is used to map the electron emission current I(x,y) under constant anode voltage and the electron extraction voltage V(x,y) under constant emission current as a function of tip position on carbon based thin film emitters. The spatially resolved field enhancement factor β(x,y) i…
We have studied the effect of grain boundary migration on hillock formation in unpassivated Al thin films during thermal cycling. Hillocking occurs more frequently in Al films that experience grain growth during thermal cycling than in films with stabilized grain structures. The hillocking frequency is at least four t…