Materials Literature
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Vapor-deposited Ag and Au films exhibit high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity. With thin metal films, SERS spectra can be obtained by using a “backside” configuration in which the laser light is focused through the substrate onto the metal film/liquid (or gas) interface. Use of the “backside” confi…
Spontaneous selective deposition of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) by chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated for substrates treated with PPV-growth-inhibiting layers of iron. The Figure shows a Nomarski image of selectively grown parylene-N (squares) and PPV (black square spiral) integrated onto the same substrat…
The diffusion properties of hydrogen have been investigated in homoepitaxial layers of CVD boron doped diamond as a function of the diffusion temperature, the boron dopant concentration and the nature of the hydrogen source (rf or microwave plasma). Preliminary hydrogen effusion experiments on these hydrogenated sampl…
The complex dielectric function of the three stoichiometric compositions GeSb4Te7, GeSb2Te4, and Ge2Sb2Te5 has been measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the energy range of 1.4–5.1 eV. Each composition was measured in the amorphous and in the two crystalline states, the metastable face-centered-cubic and the stab…
This paper integrates the research presented in the papers in this special issue of Holmér et al. and Havenith et al. [Holmér, I., Nilsson, H., Havenith, G., Parsons, K. C. (1999) Clothing convective heat exchange: proposal for improved prediction in standards and models. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, in press; Have…
Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at a satisfactory level of sharpness is an important aspect of quality control. The application of Fourier anal…
Polarized Raman spectra of the ferromagnetic metal ${\mathrm{CrO}}_{2}$ were measured in a broad temperature range including ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}390 \mathrm{K}.$ The Raman-allowed modes of ${A}_{1g},$ ${B}_{1g},$ ${B}_{2g},$ and ${E}_{g}$ symmetry were identified and compared to the corresponding modes of isos…
Nonwovens can be used as noise control elements for a wide range of applications. This paper suggests a numerical method for calculating their acoustic performance using the theory of Zwikker and Kosten on sound propagation through porous media. The results for nonwovens made from acrylic fibers, cotton, and polyester…
Thin films of vanadium oxides grown on a Pd(111) single crystal surface have been studied using high resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The vanadium oxides have been prep…
Despite wide use of megasonics in the semiconductor industry, the physics of megasonic particle removal remains largely unexplained. Mechanisms of particle removal in sonic baths are discussed, including the effects of operating parameters such as frequency, temperature, and power density. Experimental results are rel…
All articles of this category asymmetric epoxidation - (ON + )-(salen)ruthenium(II) complexes - conjugated olefins - Ru-salen complex - photoactivation
A study of the dynamics of electronic energy transfer (EET) in arrays containing three, four, and six tetraphenylporphine units connected with phenylethynyl spacers is reported. For arrays containing the same chromophores, the EET rate constant was determined from the reorientational dynamics of the transition dipole…
Structural changes induced by the incorporation of nitrogen into ta-C:H films have been studied by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy. ta-C:H films have been synthesised using a low pressure Electron Cyclot…
This paper presents a cryogenic machining approach to improve the chip breakability for cutting AISI1008 low carbon steel, a typical ductile material. A cryogen delivery system supplies liquid nitrogen (LN2) coolant specifically to chip faces in a properly scaled jet instead of flooding the general cutting zone. The c…
An intriguing feature of the diatom life cycle is that sexual reproduction and the generation of genetic diversity are coupled to the control of cell size. A PCR-based cDNA subtraction technique was used to identify genes that are expressed as small cells of the centric diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii initiate gameto…
Lumazine synthase, which catalyzes the penultimate step of riboflavin biosynthesis, has been cloned from three higher plants (spinach, tobacco, and arabidopsis) through functional complementation of an Escherichia coli auxotroph. Whereas the three plant proteins exhibit some structural similarities to known microbial…
An experimental technique for determining the dynamic indentation hardness of materials is described. Unlike the traditional static hardness measurements, the dynamic hardness measurements can capture the inherent rate dependent material response that is germane to high strain rate processes such as high speed machini…
The phonon deformation potentials of polycrystalline diamond and silicon, derived through the Voigt–Reuss–Hill averaging technique, are used to establish the systematics of strain characterization of polycrystalline films, considering all possible stress configurations. The results are compared to Raman data from the…
Atomic features are essential for understanding some materials properties. The example of brittle fracture is reviewed here, concentrating on molecular dynamics simulations of silicon. The Figure shows a visualization of an unstable crack at 8.97 % strain along (111). The choice of the potential, the implementation of…
The cone calorimeter technique was employed to investigate the burning characteristics and composition of fire effluents of selected chemicals, including pesticides, compounds used in the chemical industry, liquid solvents and polymers. A controlled-atmosphere apparatus was utilized, allowing variation of the ventilat…