Materials Literature
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The composite thin films of Au-V2O5 were prepared by means of an alternating thermal deposition technique. The electrochromic properties of the films were dependent on Au contents and calcination temperature. The composite film containing 26 at. % Au calcined at 400 °C gave clear electrochromism of reddish-violet (cat…
PbS particles of average diameters ranging from 9.9 to 18.0 nm have been synthesized within a polyacrylamide matrix. The percolative chains of these particles exhibit intrinsic semiconducting behavior at temperatures higher than 340 K. The estimated band gap for these particles are found to be much higher than that of…
The photoluminescence emission of porous silicon was regularly measured while immersed in dilute metal ion solutions of Cu, Ag, and Au. The emission spectra show progressive quenching that advances from the blue edge towards the red edge of the emission band, causing a continuous shift in the band center and a narrowi…
Abstract The aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide)–polyacrylic acid, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)–poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(vinyl alcohol) blends have been studied by ultrasonic, rheological, and viscometric techniques. Extensive investigation over a wide range of concentrations, temperatures,…
Light-scattering measurements have enabled us to determine that the transition to sonoluminescence is characterized by a bifurcation in the dynamics of a trapped pulsating bubble. These experiments also reveal that in the sonoluminescence (SL) state, changes in bubble radius of only 20% are associated with factors of…
Abstract The tendrils of the egg capsule of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula appear to act as damped springs which become entagled with one another, attaching the capsule firmly to the seaweed Halidrys siliquosa. The present paper describes the structure of tendrils and their method of formation in a specialized regi…
Sonoluminescence (SL) is generated from single, stably oscillating bubbles in a stationary, time-periodic acoustic field. By measuring the time dealy between flashes, the dynamics of the phenomenon has been investigated. While other researchers have concentrated on the remarkable periodic stability of the system, pres…
ZnGa2O4 having the spinel structure was prepared, and optical and electrical properties of the material were measured. By the measurements of diffuse reflectance spectra, ZnGa2O4 was found to have a wider band gap (∼5 eV) than ITO (indium tin oxide). Electrical conductivity of the H2-annealed ceramic of ZnGa2O4 was 3×…
We report electrical switching of the diffraction efficiency in volume Bragg gratings written holographically in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). Scanning electron microscopy confirms the volume nature of the gratings and shows that they consist of periodic PDLC planes. The diffraction efficiency can be swit…
Abstract A low carbon steel was heat-treated by various processes, so that different microstructures including ferrite + pearlite, bainite, bainite + martensite, martensite, and temper martensite were obtained. These heat-treated specimens were used to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement characteristics by HIC immersi…
Abstract In this paper the history of wrought duplex stainless steel development and applications is described. Ferritic-austenitic stainless steels were introduced only a few decades after stainless steels were developed. The paper gives details from the first duplex stainless steels in the 1930’s to the super duplex…
Abstract During a scale inhibitor squeeze treatment, the dynamics of the inhibitor return is governed by the inhibitor/rock interaction. In the case of adsorption/desorption inhibitor treatments, this interaction is described through the inhibitor/rock adsorption isotherm. The rock mineralogy plays an important role i…
Abstract Carbon dioxide corrosion of carbon steel has been studied as a function of CO2 partial pressure (0.05 to 2.1 MPa), temperature (20, 40 60 and 90 °C), pH (4 to 6) and flow velocity (0.1, 3.1, 8.5, and 13 m/s) under conditions where protective iron carbonate films do not form. The experiments were carried out u…
Distributed irreversible deformation in otherwise brittle ceramics (specifically, in silicon carbide and micaceous glass-ceramic) has been observed in Hertzian contacts. The deformation takes the form of an expanding microcrack damage zone below the contact circle, in place of the usual single propagating macrocrack (…
NOx consists primarily of NO and NO2 which are produced in all combustion processes by the oxidation of N2 and fuel bound nitrogen. NO2 is linked to causing bronchitis, pneumonia, susceptibility to viral infection, and alterations to the immune system. also contributes to acid rain, urban smog, and ozone (1). Figure 1…
Abstract Since Bueche, Graessley, Onogi, etc., advanced the concept of macromolecular entanglements, the subject has been studied extensively. So far, there are two kinds of methods of measuring the entanglements in a polymer system: One is the measurement of viscosity or other related properties of polymer fluids, ei…
Abstract The interfacial adhesion strength of metallized polyimide (BPDA/ODA/PDA) has been studied with respect to polyimide surface molecular structure, reactions during electroless nickel deposition, baking, copper electroplating, and thickness of polyimide film. Each factor is discussed in terms of its influence on…
Abstract The melting and crystallization behavior of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been investigated. The component polymers in the blend exhibited separate crystallization peaks and overlapping melting peaks. The nonisothermal DSC scans indicated that the crystall…
Abstract Copolymers of fluorinated polyimides and 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) have been prepared as films and composite laminates. The addition of BPDA was used as a means to achieve insolubility, making the polymers suitable as aircraft matrix resins. Glass transition temperatures, thermooxid…
Abstract Degradation is an essential factor in polymer biocompatibility. The physiological environment of the human body can be aggressive to polymers. Most implanted polymers suffer degradation and the kinetics and mechanisms of the processes can be significantly affected by various biologically active species, espec…