Materials Literature
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For many years, phosphating is one of the recognized, Improvement ofcarbon steel for corrosion by using phosphating method, has been made. Itcan augment the design process and present a number of experimentallydetermined factors that should be applied to present work. This workapproach to protection for bare carbon st…
Abstract Calcium carbonate had been reported in many wells at this Californian asset. All these wells used electronic submersible pumps (ESP) to assist the lift of produced fluids from the reservoir. Scale deposition was causing malfunction of the ESP pumps due to deposition on the pump internals, especially the rotor…
Abstract The Sulfate Removal Unit (SRU), a nanofiltration system, reduces seawater's Sulfate ions from approximately 2,800 mg/L for 100 mg/L or less. This technology minimizes the formation of Sulfate scales in the oil production. This process uses pressure as a driving force and it uses membranes with nanometric pore…
Abstract The presence of scale in a well is arguably one of the most difficult and expensive problems facing the production function of the oil industry today and despite many years of concentrated effort to effectively combat it, the problem still exists in a widespread manner. Much of the effort to mitigate the scal…
Acceleration of the schedule for decontamination of the Hanford site using bulk vitrification requires implementation of a pretreatment operation. Medium-curie waste must be separated into two fractions: one is to go to a waste treatment and immobilization plant and a second, which is low-activity waste, is to be proc…
Dual emissions from S1 (blue region) and S2 (UV region) states of a chromophore with donor−acceptor structure were observed at room temperature. The photophysical properties of the chromophore depend critically on the packing of the molecules. The molecule exhibits weak S1 emission and strong S2 emission; however, whe…
Employing the accelerated crucible rotation technique, we grew multicrystalline silicon by the directional solidification process. The distribution of carbon concentration determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that application of accelerated crucible rotation homogenized the carbon concent…
Abstract In this letter, resonance properties of a miniaturized rectangular cavity resonator (MRCR) based on anisotropic metamaterials bilayer are investigated. The resonance equations for the electromagnetic wave in a rectangular cavity filled with anisotropic metamaterials bilayer are solved and analyzed first. It i…
Abstract Scale formation in the near-wellbore area, the tubing and in topsides facilities is one of the major challenges associated with oil production and so must be managed. The objective of scale management is to maximise value with respect to the risks to production from scale, balanced against the cost, downtime…
Abstract High molecular weight poly(vinyl)silazane were synthesized successfully by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in toluene at 120 °C, using dithiocarbamate derivatives and 2,2′‐azobis‐isobutyrylnitrile (AIBN) as the RAFT agents and thermal initiator, respectively. The polymer…
A specially designed specimen holder employing a beryllium dome has been fabricated for collection of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data from highly reactive materials. The specimen holder has a robust O-ring type seal (<10 −9 Torr ) and no observed intensity artifacts in the 1° to 150° 2 θ range. The design also minimiz…
In this paper we report on the effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity of amorphous and nanoporous (pores size around 0.5 nm) carbon nanowires. Poly(furfuryl alcohol) nanowires with diameter varying from 150 to 250 nm were synthesized by a template-based technique and upon pyrolysis yielded amorphous carb…
Abstract Problems related to inorganic scale precipitation are common in oil fields across Russia. The predominantly calcium carbonate scale rapidly precipitates from the produced water and causes reduction in reservoir permeability, restricts fluid flow in tubing and perforation, fails electric submersible and rod pu…
We have investigated the laser induced ablation-oxidation process on porous silicon layers having different porosities and thicknesses by non-destructive optical techniques. In particular, the interaction between a low power blue light laser and the porous silicon surfaces has been characterized by variable angle spec…
Abstract Many oil fields in operation today have major scale control problems, and new insight and know-how in this area are important in order to maximize production at minimal operational costs. The models on mineral precipitation available today are based mainly on thermodynamic data found in the literature. The im…
Abstract Anodic oxidation of an AZ91D magnesium alloy was carried out in an attempt to increase the corrosion resistance. The alloy was placed in an electrolyte containing 0.1 M sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ), 2.0 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 0.1 M sodium phosphate (Na 3 PO 4 ), and treated with a current density of 1…
Abstract Scale formation presents a flow assurance challenge to the oil and gas industry. Scale inhibitor squeeze treatments are the most common method used to prevent scale deposition in subsurface applications. Software tools exist which are routinely used to assist with the challenges posed by scale. An important s…
Abstract The Veslefrikk field, located in block 30/3 of the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, has been on production since 1989 and is in the decline phase. Due to seawater injection, commingled production and high reservoir temperature, severe tendency towards deposition of sulphate and carbonate scale has been obse…
Abstract Water circulating during steam flooding to recover additional oil from reservoirs often becomes enriched in dissolved silica. As the silica concentration increases in the water, silicate minerals become supersaturated. At supersaturation conditions, amorphous silica and metal silicates may deposit in heat exc…
THP ethers were formed cleanly during photolysis of 3,4-dihydro-2 H-pyran, an alcohol, and catalytic 1,5-dichloro-9,10-anthraquinone with use of visible light. The reaction could be conducted under ambient fluorescent lighting or with sunlight as well as in a Rayonet reactor. The scope and mechanism are discussed.