Materials Literature
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BACKGROUND: Lithium is one of the most effective medications in the treatment of mood disorders. The long-term lithium therapy can alter kidney morphology and function. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the kidneys and renal function in patients undergoing chronic lithium thera…
A modeling framework for the microstructural modeling of infiltrated SOFC electrodes is presented. The model numerically reconstructs infiltrated electrodes through a sedimentation algorithm for the backbone generation and a novel Monte Carlo packing algorithm for the random infiltration. Effective properties are eval…
Chromium-based interconnects (CFY) in combination with electrolyte supported cells are perfectly matching the requirements of different SOFC applications. Furthermore, this type of stacks and the related manufacturing of cells and interconnects is already proven in very high volumes today. Plansee SE and Fraunhofer IK…
Metal-supported SOFCs with power densities above 700 mW/cm2 at 750oC were fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying, which can be readily automated and scaled for larger cell areas and production volumes, with no cell sintering requirement. Porous stainless steel substrates were dip-coated to protect against oxidation…
The energy storage efficiency of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOFC/SOEC) reversible system was calculated. The energy storage efficiency for the SOEC mode was estimated to reach 94%-HHV. Additionally, when the system was combined with a Mg-based metal hydride, endothermic heat for water v…
It is shown by cyclic voltammetry and current measurements at constant potential that, when glassy carbon electrodes are pretreated by polarization at potentials more positive than 0.5 V (sat. Hg/Hg2SO4), they are subsequently less active for oxidation of VO2+. The activity of the electrode is recovered by polarizatio…
The effect of operating pressure on the performance of SOFC and SOEC was investigated electrochemically under pressurized and depressurized conditions (0.01-1.0 MPa) using practical size single cells. It was found that the diameter of low frequency semi-circle appears in impedance spectra was not so much affected by o…
ABSTRACT Geometrical dependence of viscosity of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) are studied by means of a twin‐bore capillary rheometer based on power‐law model. Contrary geometrical dependences of shear viscosity are observed for PMMA between 210 and 255°C, but similar geometrical d…
Ferritic stainless steels such as Crofer 22 H or Sanergy HT have been proven to be effective interconnect materials when additionally coated. These coatings, mainly based on cobalt spinels, successfully prevent chromium evaporation and are stable for long exposure times. A new approach is using copper based spinel coa…
The influence of artificial ageing of gas diffusion layers (GDL) on the water management within the GDL was investigated in-situ by synchrotron X-ray radiography. One GDL was subjected to an accelerated ageing procedure in 30 % H2O2 solution while another GDL was pristine. The GDLs were first assembled in test cells,…
Durability of SOFCs is one of the most important requirements for commercialization. In this paper, we analyze chemical degradation phenomena caused by both extrinsic and intrinsic origins besides by thermal/redox cycling. As external degradation, impurity (sulfur,phosphorus etc.) poisoning has been systematically ana…
Three types of coal, anthracite, bituminous and lignite with no pretreatment, were investigated in hybrid direct carbon fuel cells (HDCFC). The HDCFC is composed of 1 mm YSZ electrolyte-supported cell with a NiO-YSZ anode and a LSM-YSZ cathode, and lithium-potassium carbonate mixed with coal in the anode chamber. Anth…
The main challenges for High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE) to become competitive towards other hydrogen production technologies are the increase of performance and durability and the decrease of cost. For that purpose, a “low-weight” stack has been designed, including advanced cells and stack components. A per…
The local electrochemistry is studied in a SOFC repeat-element using a test setup that allows a local control of the polarization. During long-term tests, the local current densities evolve, following activation and degradation periods. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements performed at regular int…
Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) powered by microtubular SOFCs (mSOFCs) are described for comparison with polymer fuel cells (PEFCs). Using propane as fuel, 7mm diameter mSOFCs have been tested in a 2m wingspan aircraft with a total weight of 6kg. The start-up time was 12 minutes to deliver 250W in a fuel cell/battery hyb…
Active thickness in SOFC anodes is investigated by using one-dimensional numerical simulation. The effects of the operating conditions and the microstructural parameters of the porous anodes on the active thickness are systematically investigated. The non-linearity of the Butler-Volmer equation used for the electroche…
In the fracture model presented in this paper, the basic assumption is that the energy is the sum of two terms, one elastic and one cohesive, depending on the elastic and inelastic part of the deformation, respectively. Two variants are examined: a local model, and a nonlocal model obtained by adding a gradient term t…
Biomass-based materials are attractive due to their renewability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Chitosan is a typical biomacromolecule that can be used as feedstock for novel materials. Here, the self-assembly of chitosan chains with graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets has been studied, where GO works as the two-…
Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) based on BaZr1-xYxO3-δ (BZY) have attracted great attention as an alternative for the conventional high temperature fuel cells based on oxygen conducting electrolyte. However, this BZY-based PCFC technology still has many technical problems, especially related with the poor sinterab…
Metal supported SOFCs (m-SOFCs) offer the advantages of inexpensive metal components as compared to the more expensive rare earth materials, since the entire ceramic support layer is replaced by ferritic steels, e.g., SS430L, AISI 441. However, with sintering conditions for ceramic and metalliclayers being different,…