Materials Literature
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The Techa cascade of water reservoirs is the world’s largest open storage facility for liquid low-level radioactive waste. Its capacity is about 360 mln. m3, it occupies an area of more than 65 km2, the total activity accumulated in the water and sediments is about 6·1015 Bq. The major challenge facing the Techa casca…
The paper describes the methodology that ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, in consultation with the metallurgical company who aims the Olen-site, is developing and wants to apply to arrive at a safe and sustainable long-term solution in Olen. The complex problematic…
Organic compounds of various kinds have been used in the nuclear industry for numerous duties in uranium chemical, metal and ceramic processing plants. In the course of the various operations undertaken, these organic compounds have become contaminated with uranic material, either accidentally or as an inevitable part…
The study of embedding matrix of radioactive waste is an important issue concerning the need to assure the radiological safety requirements for final disposal. The conditioning of the radioactive wastes by cementation process involves also a structural investigation by X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the samples prepared w…
The development of a lasting solution to radioactive waste management is a critical issue for future nuclear applications. When assessing radioactive waste disposal options factors such as volume of waste and sustainability of the plan must be considered. This paper describes basic plans for the disposal of Low- and i…
To discover technologies that can be utilized for decontamination work and verify their effects, economic feasibility, safety, and other factors, the Ministry of the Environment launched the “FY2011 Decontamination Technology Demonstrations Project” to publicly solicit decontamination technologies that would be verifi…
NUKEM monitor FAMOS is designed to measure the burn up of fuel assemblies (FA’s) and allows the calculation of the content of fissile material and other actinides. The knowledge of the isotopic composition and activities of FA’s is required for a safe handling and storage of the elements. The monitor analyses the meas…
On 26 April 1986, the worst nuclear power plant accident in history occurred at the Chernobyl plant in Ukraine (then part of the Soviet Union). The destruction of Unit 4 sent highly radioactive fallout over Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, and Europe. The object shelter — a containment sarcophagus — was built in November 198…
Belgium can rely on significant experience in the field of decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Several projects are ongoing and include research reactors (BR3, Thetis), uranium and MOX fuel fabrication plants (FBFC International, Belgonucleaire), fuel reprocessing facilities (Eurochemic) and rad…
The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) Co-operative Programme for the Exchange of Scientific and Technical Information Concerning Nuclear Installation Decommissioning Projects (CPD) is a joint undertaking of a limited number of organisations, mainly from NEA member countries. The objective of the CPD is to acquire and share…
Safe decontamination is a regular requirement in the lifecycle of a nuclear plant and is integral to the careful maintenance of any nuclear installation for 4 key reasons: • To decrease the risk of radioactive contamination spreading • To limit the radioactive doses contracted by maintenance personnel • To limit the r…
In this paper the method of activity measurement of spent radionuclide sources (SRS) based on Co-60 and Cs-137 placed in well-type storage facilities, in order to forecast the SRS activity which can be placed at this facility is described. The distribution of the absorbed dose through the absorption material is measur…
For making the spectrometric determination of the exposure rate from the environment as well as the radioactive material more practical, an accurate calculation method of the individual exposure rate for the detected gamma nuclides from that spectrum should be suggested without the sophisticated calibration procedure.…
The US Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) oversees one of the largest and most technically challenging cleanup programs in the world. The mission of DOE-EM is to complete the safe cleanup of the environmental legacy from five decades of nuclearweapons development and government-sponsored…
Since the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) was founded in 1945 to carry out research programs on use of nuclear, and its application France has set up and run various types of installations : research or prototypes reactors, process study or examination laboratories, pilot installations, accelerators, nuclear pow…
India is one of the developing countries operating site remediation techniques for the entire nuclear fuel cycle waste for the last three decades. In this paper we intend to provide an overview of remediation methods currently utilized at various hazardous waste sites in India, their advantages and disadvantages. Over…
Siting a deep geological repository for radioactive waste essentially involves two interrelated steps: deciding on an appropriate geological environment for the underground facilities and selecting a suitable location for the associated surface facility. An acceptable solution is more easily achieved if some flexibili…
Belgoprocess started the industrial decommissioning of the main process building of the former Eurochemic reprocessing plant in 1987. In 2008 the eastern part was torn down and in 2010 the central part of the building was removed. The demolition of the third and last part is planned in 2014. At that point the area wil…
The remediation and decommissioning of the Hematite Former Fuel Cycle Facility (FFCF), the Hematite Facility, is currently being carried out by Westinghouse Electric Company LLC under the Hematite Decommissioning Project (HDP). The Hematite Facility is located near the town of Hematite, Missouri, USA. The Hematite Fac…
A major prerequisite in order for civilian commercial nuclear energy production to qualify as sustainable energy production is that systems for the management of the nuclear waste legacy are in operation. These waste types are present in a range from very low short lived waste (VLLW) to long lived high level waste (HL…