Materials Literature
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Nondestructive radioanalytical technique using short lived isotopes 131 I and 82 Br was used as tracers to study the kinetics of iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions. The kinetic data so obtained was used to evaluate the performance of organic base anion exchange resins Purolite NRW-6000 and Duolite A-37…
The present paper demonstrates application of isotopic tracer technique in characterization of anion exchange resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454 for which 131 I and 82 Br radio isotopes were used. The characterization was made based on iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetic data obtained for the two…
The present study deals with non-destructive application of radioactive tracer isotopes to evaluate the performance of Tulsion A-33 (nuclear grade) and Indion NSSR (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The performance evaluation was done by carrying out the iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions using…
Radio analytical technique as a non-destructive technique was used in the present investigation to trace the kinetics of ion-isotopic exchange reaction taking place in Duolite ARA-9366 (nuclear grade) and Duolite A-171 (non-nuclear grade) anion exchange resins. The kinetics data suggest that during iodide ion-isotopic…
It is not clear that one-dimensional metals, conducting polymers, or organic superconductors will initiate a new Kondratiev wave. Material scientists are excited when giant conductivity in (tetrathiofulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane) (TTF-TCNQ), solitons in polyacetylene, superconductivity in cuprates, or mass produc…
In 1964, Little suggested synthesizing an organic superconductor by appropriately functionalizing polyacetylene, a polymer with conjugated double bonds. A15 compounds are important as type II superconductors, and for a long time the highest superconducting transition temperatures were found among the A15s. A15 compoun…
This chapter focuses on the physical concepts of conjugated polymers. “Conjugated” means double bonds separated by single bonds. Conjugated double bonds behave quite differently from isolated double bonds. From one point of view, one-dimensionality, as expressed by polymers, is simply the confinement of the Block wave…
This chapter explores collective excitations that compete with the superconductivity processes. In “carrier density” excitations, the overlay of additional interaction considerations to simple models gives rise to charge density waves (CDWs) or spin density waves (SDWs). A CDW is a spatial modulation of the electron d…
This chapter explores how dimensionality, specifically one-dimensionality, expresses itself in the basic phenomena of electrical transport, and to a lesser degree, lattice dynamics. It considers how the dimensionality of a solid might influence one of the most stunning observations in transport of the past century; su…
This chapter explores the definition that applies to the use of synthetic metals and organic semiconductors to create micron-scale electronics. Often it is required that molecular materials must be “electroactive” or “photoactive” to qualify for “molecular electronics.” The chapter presents two switching molecules, on…
This chapter offers an extended overview of actual and intended electrostatic dissipation applications. It follows more or less the scale of conductivity beginning with superconductivity and ending with applications involving other properties than conductivity. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and electromagnetic i…
This chapter deals with the conventions of reciprocal space, as they apply to the concepts of dimensionality. Specifically, concepts of solid-state physics are introduced or reviewed. The concept of the reciprocal lattice was developed to describe X-ray diffraction patterns of crystals. Reciprocal space is used to des…
According to our everyday experience, one- and two-dimensional objects and one- and two-dimensional motions actually seem more common than their three-dimensional counterparts. There are two approaches to low-dimensional or quasi-low-dimensional systems in solid-state physics: geometrical shaping as an "external" and…
The increasing density of electronics through miniaturization has become a relatively large part of the economies of Western nations. The molecular dimensions of such ultrasmall circuitry certainly justify the name “molecular electronics.” The information within a molecular circuit is carried and acted upon by the exi…
AdiabaticA process that takes place without the transfer of heat or matter AC-OEL AC-driven organic electroluminescent lamp Amorphous A solid that lacks long-range order.A glass is a special case of an amorphous solid Anisotropic Exhibiting no symmetry with application of continuous rotational groups about a given poi…
Hydrazones derived from 4- phenoxybutanoic acid were reprepared and their oxidation potentials in Micellar-Ethanol solution were measured using cyclic voltammetric technique. These compounds were used as photosensitizers in three component system containing methyl viologen (MV 2+ ) and Na2EDTA. Different behaviors of…
In this work, we have measured the concentration of radon gas in eight cement samples from different origins by using long-term measurement of radon decay products with solid state track detectors which alpha particles that emitted from radon gas was detected using (LR115II) nuclear track detector. The obtained result…
Polyurethane shape memory polymer (SMP) foams have been shown to be biocompatible within porcine models and show potential to treat intracranial saccular aneurysms in patients, and use in other medical applications. After initial fabrication, SMP foams are closed-celled foams, a property that could potentially slow or…
Conventional methods of preparing biomedical-based porous structures from biomacromolecules offer great potential in a number of application areas within the healthcare sector. The key requirements for these fabrication methods are enhanced control over structural features, scale-up potential, robustness, convenience,…
During zebrafish gastrulation, large cellular rearrangements create the formation of the three germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This process includes three types of conserved morphogenetic movement: epiboly, involution, and convergent extension. Specially, the anterior movement of prechordal plate progen…