Materials Literature
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Human embryonically lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-type RNA-binding protein 3 (ETR-3) has been implicated in many aspects of RNA-processing events including alternative splicing, stability, editing and translation. RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM-3) is an independent C-terminal RNA-binding domain of ETR-3 that preferentia…
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major foodborne pathogens causing human infection. Peptide deformylase, a metallohydrolase, catalyzes the deformylation of N-formylated methionine in newly synthesized polypeptides in prokaryotes and some eukaryotic organelles. The deformylation process is an essential step in protei…
Accelerating and Airy beams are of great interest in a variety of applications as they remain diffraction free while experiencing a transverse quadratic shift along propagation, transporting intensity in the transverse plane over a straight line and describing an overall parabolic trajectory in space. This work presen…
The “filth” within a conducting wire of very small dimensions that this chapter discusses has led to an important understanding of the role of general scattering in disordered systems. As an example for the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of various materials the chapter shows a data compilation…
In this work, we consider the possibility of using synthetic multiferroics comprising piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials as an interconnect for nano magnetic logic circuits. The proposed interconnect resembles a parallel plate capacitor filled with a piezoelectric, where one of the plates is made of a magnet…
The prelims comprise: Half-Title Page Related Titles Title Page Copyright Page In momoriam Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements List of Contributors
Nanotechnology has become the focus of research for many applications. In the field of electrochromism, nanomaterials have been widely studied providing physical and chemical properties to ensure short response times and fast charge compensation during the redox process leading to high performing electrochromic device…
PEEK is a polymer that is used in many orthopaedic implants because of its favourable mechanical properties and its biocompatibility. High-reliability electronic implants such as pacemakers have ‘hermetic’ enclosures with the electronic components in dry gas. This type of package, generally made of metal or ceramic, g…
Photoelectrochromic materials and devices have a wide range of applications such as architectural windows, displays and energy conversion. The primary focus of this chapter involves areas that are relevant to the R&D of the devices for renewable energy conversion and conservation. A photoelectrochromic device (PECD) c…
Nanostructured electrochromic materials can facilitate charge transport in electrochromic devices in several ways, such as promoting electron conduction in electrochromic materials through incorporation of conductive nanofillers, providing loose packing structures for facile ion motion and creating large interfacial a…
In this chapter, complementary electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on the classical combination of Prussian blue (PB) and viologen, an inorganic/organic ECD, are reviewed. Depending on the formation of both materials, film-type and hybrid-type devices can be fabricated. The PB thin film can be obtained by electrochemi…
Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology enabled us to improve the pilot-plant-scale production of novel but synthetically demanding plastic electrochromic (EC) electrodes. The procedure of LCA has been established since 1996 and was revised in 2006 by applying ISO standards 14040 and 14044. This chapter presents a dis…
A new chromogenic material which can be switched between transparent and mirror states was discovered in 1996 and its application named 'switchable mirror'. A certain metal thin film capped by Pd is changed into a transparent metal hydride state by hydrogenation. This phenomenon was first found in the thin films of ra…
Organic near-infrared electrochromic materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in civilian and military fields, such as optical communication, data storage and thermal control. In addition, they also have advantages over their inorganic counterparts such as low cost, large are…
This chapter presents and introduction to nanostructured electrochromic electrodes. It focuses on ordered three-dimensional nanostructures with structural features ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm. An especially interesting subset of these are the mesoporous nanostructures that exhibit interconnected pores with diamet…
This chapter illustrates the principle construction of an electrochromic (EC) device with tungsten oxide and nickel oxide films and its application as a lamination foil between two glass panes. It outlines the design and general optical properties of the foil, including effects of device size, antireflection coating a…
This chapter describes a new type of electrochromic phenomenon, plasmonic electrochromism, which enables faster switching times, improved durability and the required spectral selectivity. This new paradigm has been realised thanks to the development of colloidal plasmonic nanocrystals. The chapter discusses the colloi…
Prussian blue (PB) film shows a maximum absorbance ranging over 650–720 nm. The range arises because the precise chemical composition does vary even in carefully reproduced preparations: the high insolubility of the substance imposes a marked composition sensitivity to precise preparative conditions and ions incorpora…
This chapter illustrates the most significant aspects of lithium polymer electrolytes from solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) to gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) that are extensively used in the Electrochromic (EC) applications. Polymer electrolytes that are used in EC applications can be classified into four groups, na…
Transition-metal complexes often possess multiple well-defined redox processes and the electronic absorptions are largely dependent on the redox states. This is one of the main reasons why transition-metal complexes are appealing for electrochromism. In order to develop solid-state devices for practical use, electroch…