Materials Literature
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A novel pH- and redox- dual-responsive tumor-triggered targeting mesoporous silica nanoparticle (TTTMSN) is designed as a drug carrier. The peptide RGDFFFFC is anchored on the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles via disulfide bonds, which are redox-responsive, as a gatekeeper as well as a tumor-targeting ligand…
Au25(SR)18 (R = -CH2-CH2-Ph) is a molecule-like nanocluster displaying distinct electrochemical and optical features. Although it is often taken as an example of a particularly well-understood cluster, very recent literature has provided a quite unclear or even a controversial description of its properties. We prepare…
Polymer membranes provide a highly promising platform for the development of an efficient and sustainable technique for separation. Ideally such membranes combine a high flux with a high selectivity requiring thin defect-free membranes. The layer by layer (LBL) assembly technique has proven to be a versatile and simpl…
Butterfly magnet: The replacement of diamagnetic CoIII for CrIII in a 3d-4f butterfly complex results in vastly improved single-molecule magnet properties. Longer relaxation times are found, with magnetic hysteresis observed. This is due to exchange interactions between the DyIII and CrIII ions, resulting in a multile…
Some of the members of the family of single-layer transition-metal dichalcogenides have recently received a lot of attention for their promising electronic properties, with potential applications in electronic devices. In this work, we focus on the stability of the dichalcogenides and determine their potential for pho…
Micro-supercapacitors are important on-chip micro-power sources for miniaturized electronic devices. Although the performance of micro-supercapacitors has been significantly advanced by fabricating nanostructured materials, developing thin-film manufacture technologies and device architectures, their power or energy d…
Abstract Many powder materials in bulk form can exhibit self-heating when subjected to high temperature conditions. Self-heating of powder could be a potential ignition source for a fire and/or explosion event in addition to affecting the product quality and creating environmental issues. Understanding the behavior of…
Abstract This article examines the critical role of process control in nitriding and ferritic nitrocarburizing (FNC) treatments, focusing on the measurement and regulation of nitriding potential (KN) and carbon activity (KC). The author demonstrates how modern sensor technology combined with automated programmable con…
Abstract The focus of this paper is on two types of heat-treatment baths: nitrate/nitrite molten-salt baths, and oil baths. Such baths are utilized to control the cooling of steels, alloys, and other metals, with the objective of preserving or modifying the surface conditions. However, fires and explosions can occur d…
Abstract This paper investigates the effects of process time and temperature during plasma nitriding on the wear and fatigue properties of AISI 4330 steels. Nitriding, a thermochemical treatment involving nitrogen deposition and diffusion into metallic materials, has been widely used to enhance surface properties, wea…
Abstract This article examines heat treatment processes for molds, dies, and tools fabricated from H11 and H13 steel and comprehensively analyzes valid standards based on NADCA, FORD, and GM requirements, highlighting the critical differences between these specifications. The research showcases a modern single-chamber…
Abstract Ferritic Nitrocarburizing and nitriding processes are available in various atmosphere blends and a myriad of equipment designs. Atmosphere choices can dictate process capabilities. Equipment design should be reviewed to select the proper choice for the part application. Atmosphere control, nitriding potential…
Abstract This study employs computer simulation to predict residual stresses and distortion in a full-float truck axle subjected to induction scan hardening. Electromagnetic behavior and temporal power distributions within the axle are modeled using Flux2D, with these power distributions subsequently mapped into DANTE…
Abstract This case study investigates the effect of microstructural banding on hardenability in a large diameter (240 mm) AISI 4340 steel mill shaft that exhibited mixed microstructures (bainite and martensite) in both surface and core regions after quenching and tempering. Longitudinal evaluation of the bar revealed…
Abstract The focus of this investigation was on examining the effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron (ADI) with an upper bainitic (ausferritic) microstructure. The investigation also examined the effect of cryogenic treatment on the fracture tough…
Abstract Austempering, which produces a bainitic microstructure, is widely recognized as the preferred heat treatment when toughness is the primary requirement for a component. The literature contains numerous studies comparing the mechanical properties of tempered martensite with bainite of equivalent hardness. The m…
Abstract Requirements for greater product flexibility in the heat treating industry, driven by lean strategies, have resulted in growing global capacity for induction heating operations as well as the re-examination of processes to save production time and line space. However, there are important considerations to kee…
Abstract PremoMet, a cobalt-free alloy, is engineered for high strength and toughness after quenching and tempering, positioning it as a potential replacement for AISI 4140 and AISI 8630 in gear and flange production, where improved fatigue life is anticipated. Utilizing open-die forging and ring-rolling for component…
Abstract Forgings traditionally undergo normalizing or iso-annealing processes to achieve consistent hardness within controlled bands and to improve machinability. The need for these heat treatments stems primarily from the uncontrolled cooling of forgings after trimming operations. This paper demonstrates that simila…
Abstract In gas carburizing, the source of carbon is a carbon-rich furnace atmosphere produced either from gaseous hydrocarbons or from vaporized hydrocarbon liquids. Using theoretical steps with anticipated process variable inputs allows for the prediction of the carbon available to the steel surface; diffusion can b…