Materials Literature
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Pore sizes and their depth distributions in advanced low-k (ALK) films fabricated using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition were determined using monoenergetic positron beams. The measurement of the energy distributions of annihilation γ-rays and the positron lifetime spectra of the ALK films before and after th…
The field of low molecular weight supramolecular gels, also known as physical gels, has grown rapidly over the last decade. In these gels, small molecules (gelators) self-assemble through non-covalent interactions, usually into a network of fibres, to trap solvent. Many physical gels are responsive to stimuli and ofte…
The mechanical and corrosion behaviour of iron modified Cu-Zn-Al alloys has been investigated. Cu-Zn-Al alloys containing 20 and 25 wt. % Zn was produced by casting method with and without the addition of 0.1wt. % iron. The alloys were subjected to a homogenization – cold rolling- annealing treatment schedule, before…
The article deals with a challenging attempt to model and predict "difficult" properties as long-term subchronic oral and inhalation toxicities (90 days) using nonlinear QSAR approach. This investigation is one of the first to tackle such multicomplex properties where we have employed nonlinear models based on artific…
Structural transformations at the Pb/Si(111) surface occurring upon C₆₀ adsorption onto Pb/Si(111)1 × 1 phase at room temperature and Pb/Si(111)[Formula: see text] at low temperatures between 30 and 210 K, have been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction observations. Typically…
Since the emergence of the first armoured vehicles on battlefields, armour shield was mainly centred on conventional metallic materials, widespread solutions nowadays. For a long time, weight reduction in armoured protection, which represents the largest part of the vehicle’s overall weight, has been the key parameter…
Using time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, we study the role of amplitude and phase fluctuations in the recovery of charge-stripe and spin-stripe phases in response to a pump pulse that melts the orders. For parameters relevant to the case where charge order precedes spin order thermodynamically, amplitude recovery…
In this study, the Serpent Monte Carlo code was used as a tool for preparation of homogenized few-group cross sections for the nodal diffusion analysis of Sodium cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) cores. Few-group constants for two reference SFR cores were generated by Serpent and then employed by nodal diffusion code DYN3D in…
We investigated the potentials, applicability and advantages of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) for the characterization of high-end photomasks. The SE measurements were done in the ultraviolet-near infrared (UVNIR) wavelength range from 300 nm to 980 nm, at angle of incidences (AOI) between 10 and 70° and with a micr…
Determination of ground state and excited state dipole moments of a highly fluorescent laser dye molecule ADS740WS and comparison of excited state dipole moment by Lippert, Bakhashiev, Kawski–Chamma–Viallet, McRae, Suppan, and solvent polarity methods. Kamlet–Abboud–Taft and Katritzky multilinear analysis for characte…
Five new coordination polymers, namely [Zn(2-CMSN)(biim-4)] (1), [Co2(2-CMSN)2(biim-4)(H2O)4] (2), [Ni(2-CMSN)(biim-4)0.5(H2O)2] (3), [Cd(2-CMSN)(biim-4)0.5(H2O)2] (4), and [Cd(ADTZ)(biim-4)1.5]·5H2O (5), (2-H2CMSN = 2-carboxymethylsulfanyl nicotinic acid, H2ADTZ = 2,5-(S-acetic acid) dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, bii…
Abstract Nanostructured TiO 2 with different morphologies and crystal phases was successfully synthesized from titanium‐containing electric furnace molten slag by using a hydrothermal method followed by reflux process in acid solution. The effects of acid concentration, reflux time, and acid type on the formation of T…
One-dimensional (1-D) zigzag chains of {[Ag L ](ClO 4 )·0.5Et 2 O} n ( 1 ), {[Ag L ](OTf)·Et 2 O} n ( 2 ), and {[Ag L ](BF 4 )·0.5CH 3 OH} n ( 3 ) were obtained from the reaction of AgClO 4, AgCF 3 SO 3, and AgBF 4 with 1,4-bis(pyridine-3-ylethynyl)benzene ( L ), respectively, in similar reaction conditions, whereas i…
Biological systems must discriminate between calcium and magnesium for these ions to perform their distinct biological functions, but the mechanism for distinguishing aqueous ions has yet to be determined. Ionic recognition depends upon the rate and mechanism by which ligands enter and leave the first solvation shell…
Geological materials were collected from the northern region of the state of Kuwait for radioactive characterization. The northern region extended for an approximate distance of 100 km along highway 80 running from the north of Kuwait City to the Kuwaiti-Iraqi border. Back in 1991, during the Gulf War, this highway wa…
The 50keV ebeam exposure of EUV blanks leads to additional electron backscattering from the tantalum layer and the mirror portion of the blank substrate that cannot be adequately corrected by in-tool algorithms. Coupling this additional backscatter with process effects, such as develop and etch micro/macro loading, re…
Line edge roughness (LER) or line width roughness (LWR) is a fundamental challenge in the semiconductor industry. LWR on transistor gate length is a dominant parameter for determining the variability of threshold voltage, on-current and off-current, and LER on interconnect impacts breakdown voltages. Integrated circui…
The ZEISS AIMS™ platform is well established as the industry standard for qualifying the printability of mask features based on the aerial image. Typically the critical dimension (CD) and intensity at a certain through-focus range are the parameters which are monitored in order to verify printability or to ensure a su…
A recombination center at Si surfaces and Si/SiO2 interfaces was identified using highly sensitive spin-dependent recombination (SDR) detection of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The defect (Si-KU1) has a spin-triplet (S = 1) state owing to excitation by band-edge light employed in measurement. The Si-KU1 SDR-E…
Star polymers with dynamic arm exchange are formed in water by self-assembly of amphiphilic diblock copolymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) end capped with a small hydrophobic block. The arm exchange was arrested in situ by photo-cross-linking of the core. The effect of dynamic arm exchange on the osmotic compressibi…