Materials Literature
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Abstract Summary: The structure and hydrogen bonding of water in the vicinity of a thin film of a sulfobetaine copolymer (poly[( N , N ‐dimethyl‐ N ‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐3′‐methacrylamidopropanaminium inner salt)‐ ran ‐(butyl methacrylate)], poly(SPB‐ r ‐BMA)), were analyzed with band shapes of OH stretching of attenuated…
Fiber crops have accompanied human society since the start of our time. In early history, humans collected the raw materials for ropes and textiles from the wild. Later societies learned to cultivate such crops. Plant fiber crops are among the earliest known cultivated plants and humans continued the domestication of…
Holographic optical traps use the forces exerted by computer-generated holograms to trap, move and otherwise transform mesoscopically textured materials. This article introduces methods for optimizing holographic optical traps' efficiency and accuracy, and an optimal statistical approach for characterizing their perfo…
It is now known that the equations of motion for the contact point during peeling of an adhesive tape mounted on a roll introduced earlier are singular and do not support dynamical jumps across the two stable branches of the peel force function. By including the kinetic energy of the tape in the Lagrangian, we derive…
The so-called generalized Wigner distribution has earlier been shown to be an excellent approximation for the terrace width distribution (TWD) of vicinal surfaces characterized by step-step interactions that are perpendicular to the average step direction and fall off as the inverse square of the step spacing. In this…
Recent advances in atomic and nano-scale growth and characterization techniques have led to the production of modern magnetic materials and magneto-devices which reveal a range of new fascinating phenomena. The modeling of these is a tough theoretical challenging since one has to describe accurately both electronic st…
A novel approach for the sensitization of singlet oxygen has been developed which utilizes indirect excitation of the photosensitizer by two-photon-excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from separate chromophores assembled into a dendrimer. This approach effectively enhances the two-photon excitation e…
The static and dynamical properties of heavy water have been studied at ambient conditions with extensive Car-Parrinello molecular-dynamics simulations in the canonical ensemble, with temperatures ranging between 325 K and 400 K. Density-functional theory, paired with a modern exchange-correlation functional (PBE), pr…
We consider a modified Burridge-Knopoff model with a view to understand results of acoustic emission (AE) relevant to earthquakes by adding a dissipative term which mimics bursts of acoustic signals. Interestingly, we find a precursor effect in the cumulative energy dissipated which allows identification of a large sl…
High pressure Raman experiments were performed on bundled double wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). We observe peculiar regularity in the strength of the inner-outer tube (intratube) interaction, which is attributed to the interplay between the tube size and the intratube spacing. Moreover, a pressure-induced red shift o…
We have studied the influence of alloying copper with amorphous arsenic sulfide on the electronic properties of this material. In our computer-generated models, copper is found in two-fold near-linear and four-fold square-planar configurations, which apparently correspond to Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxidation states. The numb…
We address the fundamental question of whether magneto-resistance (MR) of atomic-sized contacts of Nickel is very large because of the formation of a domain wall (DW) at the neck. Using {\em ab initio} transport calculations we find that, as in the case of non-magnetic electrodes, transport in Ni nanocontacts depends…
Phosphorus-doped p-type ZnO thin films were grown on sapphire by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed an acceptor bound exciton peak at 3.355 eV and a conduction band to the acceptor transition caused by a phosphorus related level at 3.310 eV. A study of the dependence of t…
Sonoprocessing is the utilization of sonic and ultrasonic waves in chemical synthesis and processes. It is a new and rapidly growing research field with broad applications in environmental engineering, green chemical synthesis, and processing. The application of this environmentally benign technique in environmental r…
Poly(lactic acid), PLA, was blended with monomeric and oligomeric plasticizers in order to enhance its flexibility and thereby overcome its inherent problem of brittleness. Differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and tensile testing were used to investigate the…
Squaraines belong to an important class of organic dyes with intense absorption and emission properties in the visible to near-IR wavelength range. The optical properties of squaraines, which are sensitive to the surrounding medium, make them ideal candidates to photophysists to study the excited-state properties and…
Interfacial interactions underpin phenomena ranging from adhesion to surface wetting. Here, we describe a simple, rapid, and robust approach to modifying solid surfaces, based on an ultrathin cross-linkable film of a random copolymer, which does not rely on specific surface chemistries. Specifically, thin films of ben…
Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites: An Introduction A.K. Mohanty, M. Misra, L.T. Drzal, S.E. Selke, B.R. Harte, and G.Hinrichsen Plant Fibers as Reinforcement for Green Composites A. Bismarck, S. Mishra, and T. Lampke Processing of Bast Fiber Plants for Industrial Application F. Munder, C. Furll, and H.Hem…
Abstract Ab‐initio electronic structure calculations using the local density (LDA) and generalized gradient approximations (GGA) are undertaken on Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) and isomorphic materials. The crystal structure is better predicted using one of the GGA approximations. The affect of Rb replacing K on t…
We present molecular dynamics simulations of the optical Kerr effect in liquid and supercooled water and compare with recent time-resolved Kerr spectroscopy measurements [R. Torre, Nature (London) 428, 296 (2004)]. The short time features of the Kerr response, characterized by peaks near 15, 60, and 160 fs, are weakly…