Materials Literature
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Defect electrons (holes) play an important role in most technologically important complex oxides; many of which possess perovskite-related structures. In this contribution we present the first detailed characterization of localized hole states in such materials. Our investigations employ advanced embedded-cluster calc…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The performance of a low density, ferritic stainless steel foam as a support structure for automotive emission control catalyst was evaluated, using ceramic and ferritic stainless steel foil monoliths for comparison.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Results for th…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Cerium oxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>) is known to have good oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and is used widely in three-way catalysts for automobiles, but it has a problem of inferior heat stability.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In our previous work, cerium…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydrocarbon emissions during cold start and subsequent engine warm-up constitute the majority of hydrocarbons emitted during an FTP test. Reducing HC emissions during this portion of the test is necessary to meet current and future HC emissions regulations. This paper summarizes t…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">An unsteady single spray of n-tridecane which was mixed with a small quantity of exciplex - forming dopants, that is naphthalene and TMPD, was impinged on a flat wall surface with high temperature of 550 K at a normal angle. These experiments were carried out in a quiescent N<s…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Catalytic performance can be improved by increasing geometric surface area (GSA) and reducing bulk density (BD), namely heat capacity, using high cell-density / thinwall advanced ceramic substrates. The advanced substrates, such as 3 mil/600 cpsi and 2 mil/900 cpsi have improved t…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">It has been recently shown that (Ce, Zr)O<sub>2</sub> mixed oxides provide improved catalytic performances compared to pure CeO<sub>2</sub>. Cerium oxide is the active Oxygen Storage Capacity (OSC) component in three way catalysts. However, higher performan…
We report an experimental measurement of the temporal dependence of the area ${A}_{\mathrm{us}}$ in a two-dimensional soap froth which has not been swept by the passage of soap films up to time $t$, as the froth coarsens from an initial time ${t}_{0}$ within the scaling regime. We find ${A}_{\mathrm{us}}$ scales with…
The crystal structure of the layered perovskite ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has been studied under hydrostatic pressure up to $\ensuremath{\sim}6\mathrm{kbar}$, in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states, with neutron powder diffraction. The compressibility of the Mn-O a…
Collagen was extracted from hake skins (Merluccius hubbsi) with a 0.5 M acetic acid solution in a ratio of skin weight (g) to volume of solution (ml) of 1 to 20. An 85% of the total extractable proteins was obtained after 200 min of extraction at 0-4°C. Non-col-lagenous proteins were not detected in the collagen solut…
The effect of oxygen deficiency on a phase transition from cubic to tetragonal phase has been investigated for the spinels with by measurements of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), magnetic susceptibility nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR) and electronic resistivity . According to the DSC measurements, the trans…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">A novel, electronically controlled, common rail fuel injection system has been designed and developed by the authors under a contract from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This system was specifically designed for direct injection of liquid dimethyl ether (DME) to…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine and laboratory tests were carried out to examine the performance of NO<sub>x</sub> adsorption catalysts for gasoline lean burn engines in fresh and aged condition. The results show that fresh NO<sub>x</sub> adsorption catalysts have the potential to…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The reaction mechanism in a NOx-trap type catalyst for a partial lean burn engine is discussed using a thermodynamic calculation approach. The thermodynamic calculation and catalyst characterization suggest the following reaction mechanism;</div> <div class="htmlview para…
Third-order nonlinear optical properties of chalocogenide glasses were investigated through third-harmonic generation (THG), optical Kerr shutter (OKS), and degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) measurements. We examined the dependence of the THG susceptibility on the absorption edge, thereby showing that the susceptibil…
The effect of shear on a lyotropic lamellar phase is studied by the means of small-angle light scattering and direct microscopic observations. We found a complex behavior that can be described by a shear diagram. This diagram exhibits successively as a function of shear four different steady states. After a transition…
The fragment mass distributions of platelike objects are investigated by conducting two types of experiments. The first is a ``sandwich'' experiment in which thin glass and plaster plates are inserted between two larger stainless steel plates and an iron projectile is dropped onto the target plate at normal incidence.…
We present a microscopic analysis of the instability of the nematic phase to chirality when molecular chirality is introduced perturbatively. We show that for central-force interactions the previously neglected short--range biaxial correlations play a crucial role in determining the cholesteric pitch. We propose a pse…
X-ray diffraction studies on nanometer sized lead sulfide particles reveal the presence of a compressive strain. A number of samples with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 16 nm were synthesized using the three dimensional periodic, bicontinuous cubic phase as a matrix. Samples of the larger size particles could be ind…
We tried to design the magnet exhibiting magnetic pole (N and S) inversion by photostimuli. The magnetization of Fe1.5IICrIII(CN)6⋅7.5H2O was changed in a photon mode by visible light. A ferro-ferrimagnet (Fe0.40IIMn0.60II)1.5CrIII(CN)6⋅7.5H2O mixed by ferromagnetic (Fe–Cr system showing the change of magnetization by…