Materials Literature
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The 364 nm negative ion photoelectron spectrum of WO 2 - is obtained. The spectrum reveals that four different electronic states are accessed in the neutral molecule following electron detachment. From the rich vibrational structure the vibrational frequencies of the bending and/or symmetric stretching vibrations are…
We report simulations of water confined between two parallel flat (hydrophobic) walls separated by 10.95 Å. Our results are consistent with the possibility of a liquid−liquid phase transition separating two phases of different densities. The low-density liquid phase displays tetrahedral “ice-like” local ordering, whil…
Several new Ni ( 7a − i ), Pd ( 8a − j ), and Pt ( 9a − j ) dithiolenes belonging to the general class [M(R,R‘timdt) 2 ] (R,R‘timdt = monoanion of di-substituted imidazolidine-2,4,5-trithione) have been synthesized by sulfuring the disubstituted imidazolidine-2-thione-4,5-diones ( 4 ) with Lawesson's reagent ( 5 ) in…
The reaction of H 2 S with activated Ag + -loaded zeolite A leads to silver sulfide zeolite A composites. The optical absorption spectra of samples with different loading densities of silver sulfide suggest the formation of small silver sulfide clusters which are stable under ambient conditions. To our knowledge, this…
We report the calculation of autocorrelation relaxation times, intrinsic viscosity, and the diffusion coefficient of a starburst dendrimer model, using both the preaveraging and variational-bound techniques. The model includes hydrodynamic effects, represented by the Rotne−Prager interaction, as well as excluded-volum…
The novel dimeric polyoxometalate [{beta-SiNi(2)W(10)O(36)(OH)(2)(H(2)O)}(2)](12)(-) (1) has been synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, polarography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and magnetic measurements. An X-ray single-crystal analysis was carried out on K(12)[{beta-SiNi(2)W(10)O(36)(…
A smart structure is a system containing multifunctional parts that can perform sensing, control, and actuation; it is a primitive analogue of a biological body. Smart materials are used to construct these smart structures, which can perform both sensing and actuation functions. The “I.Q.” of smart materials is measur…
The optimized effective potential (OEP) method allows for calculation of the local, effective single particle potential of density functional theory for explicitly orbital-dependent approximations to the exchange-correlation energy functional. In the present work the OEP method is used together with the approximation…
We have prepared a number of GaAs structures delta-doped by Sn using the well-known molecular beam epitaxy growth technique. The samples obtained for a wide range of Sn doping densities were characterised by magnetotransport experiments at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields up to 38 T. Hall-effect and Shubni…
We describe instrumentation for conducting high sensitivity millimeter-wave cavity perturbation measurements over a broad frequency range (40-200 GHz) and in the presence of strong magnetic fields (up to 33 tesla). A Millimeter-wave Vector Network Analyzer (MVNA) acts as a continuously tunable microwave source and pha…
Effects of electron correlation on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of the Gd(0001) surface are investigated using of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave implementation of correlated band theory ("LDA+U"). The use of LDA+U instead of LDA (local density approximation) total energy calcula…
We have studied the superconducting behavior of 100 nm Titanium Nitride (TiN) thin film in a perpendicular magnetic field. We found a zero field transition temperature of 4.6 K and a slope in the H-T plane of -0.745 T/K. At 4.2 K, we have performed careful transport measurements by measuring both the differential resi…
Recently a new monoclinic phase in the PbZr(1-x)TixO3 ceramic system has been reported by Noheda et al. for the composition x= 0.48. In the present work, samples with Ti contents of x= 0.47 and 0.50, which are both tetragonal below their Curie points, have been investigated. In the sample with x= 0.50, the tetragonal…
The synthesis of bulk amounts of high quality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is accomplished by optimizing the chemical compositions and textural properties of the catalyst material used in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane. A series of catalysts are derived by systematically varying the catalytic…
Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are characterized by a large negative dispersion. This property can be exploited to correct chromatic aberration in hybrid optical systems. The diffraction efficiency of phase DOEs decreases when the wavelength deviates from the design wavelength. Consequently, DOEs are usually appl…
We report x-ray absorption spectra of high temperature solid Pd at 1770 K, liquid Pd at 1850 K, and undercooled liquid Pd at 1770 and 1670 K (about 160 K below ${T}_{m}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1827\mathrm{K}$). Data of excellent quality were collected at the European Synchrotron Radiation Fac…
The magnetic properties of free ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{N}$ clusters ( $N\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}13$, 21, and 22) have been measured between 90 and 600 K in a Stern-Gerlach experiment. ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{13}$ and ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{21}$ are found to be superparamagnetic (SP) whereas ${\mathrm{Gd}}_{22}$ i…
The damage of Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 thin film due to dry etching process was characterized in terms of the microstructure and electrical properties. The damaged layer seems to be amorphous and the thickness of the damaged layer is about 10 nm. The existence of such a layer in Pt/Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3/Pt ferroelectric capaci…
The dependence of polarization switching on thermal histories has been investigated for K1+-modified lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics by Sawyer–Tower polarization methods. It was found that double-loop-like polarization characteristics in the aged condition could be reversed to normal single loop polarization ch…
A fundamental issue in ferroic systems (ferromagnetic and ferroelectric) is the scaling of the order parameter (magnetization or polarization) with size. Specifically, in ferroelectric thin films, deviations in the polarization can occur due to: (i) competition between thermal vibrations and the correlation energy (wh…