Materials Literature
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As part of our continuing study of the solid-state morphology of poly(urethane urea) segmented block copolymers, we focus in the current paper on the use of atomic force microscopy to visualize the structure of phase-separated microdomains. Free surface and bulk images were obtained from two series of PUU films, for c…
We present an accurate, first-principles study of the electronic structure and absorption spectrum of bulk copper within Density Functional Theory in the Local Density Approximation (DFT-LDA), including the study of intraband transitions. We construct norm-conserving pseudopotentials (PPs) including the 3d shell (and…
The electrochemically induced volume change in conjugated polymers is of interest for actuator applications. Important parameters include the magnitude and speed of the volume change and how volume correlates with potential and current. In this paper, atomic force microscopy was used to examine the expansion and contr…
The surface modification of aqueous silver colloidal particles with the amino acid cysteine and the cross-linking of the colloidal particles in solution is described. Capping of the silver particles with cysteine is accomplished by a thiolate bond between the amino acid and the nanoparticle surface. The silver colloid…
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was applied to the synthesis of amphiphilic cylindrical polymer brushes by using the “grafting from” technique. The procedure included the following steps: (1) ATRP of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) gave well-defined poly(HEMA), (2) subsequent esterification of the penda…
Abstract Particle‐dispersed melting is a complex but important melting mechanism in the corotating twin‐screw extruder. In this study, the complex multi‐particle‐dispersed system was simplified into a single‐particle melting model. The finite‐difference method was introduced to solve this problem. The simulation resul…
Abstract The diffusion, solubility, and permeability behavior of oxygen and carbon dioxide were studied in amorphous and semicrystalline syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS). The crystallinity was induced in s‐PS by crystallization from the melt and cold crystallization. Crystalline s‐PS exhibited very different gas permea…
Abstract Small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) gives information on lamellar stacks in semicrystalline polymers. SAXS experiments have been used to follow the melting transition that occurs over a temperature range of 10 °C or more. One common feature is the increase in the average period by 50–100% during the melting p…
PURPOSE: To investigate the interpolymer complexation between Carbopol 934P (CP) and various grades of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (K90, K32, C15, and VA/S-630). METHODS: Amount of fresh and dried CP-PVP complexes, water retaining capacity, apparent density, pH, conductivity, FTIR, swelling and adhesion strength were s…
We have performed a simulation analysis of the pseudoelastic behavior of a NiTi shape memory alloy wire placed in air, subjected to tensile cyclic loads over a range of low strain rates. Thermomechanical interactions, such as energy dissipation, latent heat and heat transfer, are accounted for in a one-dimensional the…
We report a detailed experimental study of the kinetics of separation into coexisting gas, liquid, and crystal phases in a colloid-polymer mixture. Distinct kinetic regimes are identified, and interpreted in terms of the underlying "free-energy landscape" of the system.
We report a ${}^{139}\mathrm{La}$ NMR investigation of low-doped insulating manganite samples ( ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ and ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{y}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3+\ensuremath{\delta}}$) as a function of temperature. A volume fraction with fast nuclear relaxations was rev…
Mathematical formulae are modified for the shape of multiple-beam Fizeau fringes in transmission to determine the mean refractive indices and birefringence of highly oriented fibres. These modified mathematical formulae are applied with the multiple-beam interference method to determine the optical anisotropy of polyp…
Lamellar structure formed by melt crystallization of binary mixtures of monodisperse long n -alkanes C 122 H 246, C 162 H 326, C 194 H 390, C 210 H 422, C 246 H 494, C 258 H 518, and C 294 H 590 was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and thermal analysis. A semicrystalline form (SCF) was found to be the st…
Abstract A small‐angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) technique using synchrotron radiation as the x‐ray source has been employed to characterize the microstructure of mesoporous silica prepared by one‐pot template‐directed synthesis methodology. The scattering of pure silica agreed with Porod's law. The scattering of organo…
Abstract The reactive pulsed laser deposition technique was used to deposit carbon nitride (CN x ) coatings on a silicon substrate. In this process, an infrared transversely excited atmospheric pressure CO 2 laser ablation of a graphite target in a remote nitrogen plasma afterglow was used to provide simultaneously bo…
Abstract The oxidation of thin‐film Au‐ Al alloy, as well as pure Al, has been studied using XPS across a wide range of water vapour and air exposures (0.1 L to 1 × 10 14 L). The alloys and the pure Al all undergo a similar set of oxide growth kinetics. In addition to the three stages of early growth kinetics identifi…
Three integrated composites were prepared using plasma polymerization (PP) as a synthetic step. Concentric-tubular Au/polymer composites were prepared by combining the template method and PP. High porosity in the Au nanotubules was seen for the first time with SEM. PP was also used to produce tailored coatings for mic…
Radioactive waste treatment process usually involves concentration of radionuclides before waste can be immobilized by storing it in stable solid form. Foaming is observed at various stages of waste processing like SRAT (sludge receipt and adjustment tank) and melter operations. This kind of foaming greatly limits the…
Transparent, flexible, and luminescent Eu 3+ -doped siloxane−poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanocomposites have been obtained by the sol−gel process. The inorganic (siloxane) and organic PEG phases are usually linked by weak bonds (hydrogen bonds or van der Waals forces), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measureme…