Materials Literature
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This paper presents a linear system formulation for evaluating full-chip electromigration (EM) risk in general (straight line, tree, and mesh) wiring topologies, considering stress-induced backflow of metal ions. The system of equations is based on stress gradients and mass displacements in wire segments as variables,…
In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in automation of the crystal structure-determination process. However, the final part of this process, namely the refinement of the atomic model, is still tedious for biological macromolecules because, especially at lower resolution, it requires extensive manual…
Clusters of phthalocyanine and phthalocyanine-perylene diimide have been prepared and electrophoretically deposited on nanostructured SnO2 electrodes. The structure and photoelectrochemical properties of the clusters have been investigated by using UV-visible absorption, dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force mi…
We discuss a quantum-mechanical picture for interlayer magnetotransport in quasi-one-dimensional layered conductors. We show that the lowest order contribution of interlayer coupling to interlayer conductivity, which originates from a single tunneling process between two neighboring layers, leads all of the fundamenta…
The determination of quasicrystal (QC) surface structures is a challenge to current surface structure techniques. Low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) is the primary technique for the determination of periodic surface structures, but application of dynamical LEED to quasicrystals requires the use of many approximati…
Resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) at the Mn $K$ edge has been used to characterize the low temperature ordered phase of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.5}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Strong resonances were observed for the (030), (050), $(05∕20)$, $(0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}7∕2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}0)$, $(…
Reversible coloration−decoloration of tungsten phosphate glasses was observed by heat treatments at temperatures between 300 and 500 °C which were far below the T g (570 °C) under the ambient with controlled partial pressure of hydrogen and/or water. The color center responsible for the coloration was found to be an e…
A novel aqueous two-phase system, which exhibits a reversible photoinduced phase separation, has been developed with photochromic dextran synthesized by substituting 0.3 mol % of the hydroxyl groups with the photochromic chromophore, 6-nitrospiropyran (NSp). For an aqueous solution containing this photochromic dextran…
The design of metallic crystals consisting of single-component molecules ( single-component molecular metal ) is explained on the basis of the examinations of frontier molecular orbitals and the simple extended-Hückel tight-binding band pictures. To meet the conditions required to realize automatic carrier generation…
High-pressure studies on organic conductors and superconductors are reviewed. It is stressed that almost all the organic conductors are studied by means of high pressures, but the role or meaning of pressure effect has been dependent on the salts and physics of interests. In organic molecular crystals, many intriguing…
Localization effects in a metallic carbon nanotube are studied as a function of Aharonov–Bohm magnetic flux. The conductance exhibits the behavior of strong localization except in the absence of a flux. When the Fermi level lies in higher bands, the localization effect becomes smaller at a half flux quantum due to the…
Chiral hydrogen-bonded polymer films that respond to the presence of some amino acids (arginine, lysine, histidine) in water by changing the color and shifting the wavelengths of the selective reflection band (SRB) were synthesized and studied. The kinetics of the film's response depends on the concentration of donor/…
Present status of research activities in conducting molecular solids is briefly reviewed. It is impressive to note that a systematic physical understanding of electronic properties is now possible in spite of apparently complicated crystal structures. This is due to the robustness of the molecular orbitals. The succes…
We investigated the formation of self-assembled two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of dendrimer-encapsulated platinum nanoparticles (Pt-DENs) using prokaryotic surface-layer (S-layer) proteins as biomacromolecular templates. The Pt-DENs (mean core diameter 1.8 +/- 0.5 nm) were synthesized by chemical reduction of metal ion…
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important issues in long‐term sustainability of a cropping system. Fixation and release behavior of potassium were studied in the surface and subsurface horizons in five benchmark soil series, viz. Dhar, Gurdaspur, Naura, Ladowal, and Nabha, under rice–wheat cropping syst…
Three recently reported aliphatic polyester dendrimers of generations 3, 4, and 5, having 4, 8, and 16 carborane cages within their interior, respectively, were found to exhibit thermally induced, reversible precipitation in aqueous solution. The cloud-point temperatures for these molecules were observed to be between…
For conventional superconductors, superconductivity is destabilized by magnetic field. However, in BETS-based two dimensional organic conductors, where BETS is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene, superconductivity is induced by high magnetic fields parallel to the conducting layers. The overall features of the fi…
The structure of N,N-dimethylethylenediammonium pentachloroantimonate(III), [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3][SbCl5], NNDP, was investigated at 100 and 15 K at ambient pressure, as well as at pressures up to 4.00 GPa at room temperature in the diamond-anvil cell. The stable structure at low temperatures and low pressures consists o…
A survey of crystallization conditions was carried out for 650 published protein-protein complexes in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) of the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB). This resulted in the establishment of a Protein Complex Crystallization Database (PCCD) and a set of configuration-space…
Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of p -xylene to terephthalic acid was performed at 150−210 °C over Co−Mn−Br catalyst system. There was an interesting synergistic effect of cobalt and manganese catalyst. In the previous papers ( Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44, 261−266; 4518−4522; 7756−7760), a lumped kinetic scheme and…