Materials Literature
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A novel scheme for using modified colloidal crystals as templates for silica polymerization is reported. 3D close-packed crystals of submicrometer latex spheres are assembled on a membrane surface by filtration. To induce silica polymerization, the particles are modified by adsorption of the surfactant hexadecyltrimet…
By ab initio LMTO calculations in atomic-sphere approximation we have studied the interlayer exchange coupling between Fe films separated by Au spacers in infinite Fe/Au multilayers with (001) interface orientation. We also performed detailed calculations of the magnetization and charge profiles across the system. We…
An intensity-enhanced dynamic light scattering technique revealed the presence of calcium phosphate clusters from 0.7 to 1.0 nm in size in a simulated body fluid. The clusters were also present in fluids undersaturated with respect to octacalcium and amorphous calcium phosphates and supersaturated with respect only to…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Traditional approaches to pollution control have been to develop benign non-polluting processes or to abate emissions at the tailpipe or stack before emitting to the atmosphere. A new technology called PremAir<sup>®</sup>* Catalyst Systems takes a different approach an…
Some manganese doped fluorozirconate, fluorochloro- and fluorobromozirconate glasses have been prepared following and improving some standard methods. Electron probe microanalysis has been carried out to obtain the actual composition of the samples. The optical properties of ions, including steady state excitation and…
I present a model study of brittle fracture of polymers. I show that the relation $v\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}v(F)$ between the crack-tip velocity $v$ and the driving force $F$ exhibits discontinuous transitions and hysteresis. For short polymers, at the onset of crack propagation, the polymer…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">OH radical generated in a DI diesel engine has a close relationship to soot oxidation. To clarify this fact, the distribution of the natural emission of OH radical was captured by means of an interference filter system and that of soot was detected by the simultaneous application…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Combustion and exhaust emission characteristics were compared among three representative diesel fuels called “Base (corresponding to a Japanese market fuel)”, “Improved” and Swedish “Class-1” using both a modern small and an optically accessible single-cylinder DI diesel engines.…
The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalytic conversion process can be used to synthesize diesel fuels from a variety of feedstocks, including coal, natural gas and biomass. Synthetic diesel fuels can have very low sulfur and aromatic content, and excellent autoignition characteristics. Moreover, Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuels m…
Highly tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin films were deposited by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique at room temperature. Nitrogen was found to be a good n-type dopant of the tetrahedral amorphous carbon thin films. The Fermi level shifts from 0.91 eV above the valence band to 0.65 eV below the conduction band…
Uranium alloys are candidates for the fuel phase in aluminum matrix dispersion fuels requiring high uranium loading. Certain uranium alloys have been shown to have good irradiation performance at intermediate burnup. Previous studies have shown that acceptable fission gas swelling behavior and fuel-aluminum interactio…
We report magnetoresistance (MR) measurements in very thin Pr0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films (5–15 nm) grown on LaAlO3 (001) substrates. The films are under compressive strain imposed by the lattice mismatch with the substrate. The MR ratio [R(H)−R0]/R0 is ∼92% at H=800 Oe and T=70 K when the magnetic field is applied perpendicu…
Density functional calculations using an \ensuremath{\alpha}-quartz supercell as a model silica host identify the peroxy linkage as the lowest energy configuration of atomic O in Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and find that its energy in this site and in interstitial molecular ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are nearly equal. Using ab init…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Much work has been done on the application of plasmas to the treatment of NO<sub>x</sub> from power plants. In power plant applications, the purpose of the plasma is to oxidize NO to NO<sub>2</sub>, and eventually to nitric acid. The desired products, in th…
The low value of , where is the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature and denotes the virtual transition temperature, is a long-standing puzzle in the physics of liquid crystals. The present review presents experimental and theoretical results on this long-standing problem. New experimental and theoretical re…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Many studies suggest that lean-NO<sub>x</sub> SCR proceeds via oxidation of NO to NO<sub>2</sub> by oxygen, followed by the reaction of the NO<sub>2</sub> with hydrocarbons. On catalysts that are not very effective in catalyzing the equilibratio…
The dielectric response of epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films deposited on MgO was measured through surface electrodes as a function of applied bias, frequency, and temperature. The room temperature value of the dielectric constant was ∼500 with a dissipation factor, tan(δ), of 0.05 at 100 kHz. Measurements varying the bias…
An alternative approach to the synthesis of mono-sized and parallel-aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNs) is reported. The SWCNs are formed in 0.73 nm sized channels of microporous aluminophosphate crystallites by pyrolysis of tripropylamine molecules in the channels. They are characterized through transmission…
Applying a Keldysh Green`s function method it is shown that hot electrons injected from a STM-tip into a CoSi${}_2$/Si(111) system form a highly focused beam due to the silicide band structure. This explains the atomic resolution obtained in recent Ballistic Electron Emission Microscopy (BEEM) experiments. Localized s…
We observe that the temperature coefficients of electron-hole pair energies $(dE/dT)$ in PbS and PbSe quantum dots depend strongly on the size of the quantum dot. With decreasing size the temperature coefficient of the lowest electron-hole pair energy ${\mathrm{dE}}_{g}/dT$ decreases by more than an order of magnitude…