Materials Literature
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Polarized light emission from multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) bundles due to current heating is observed. The spectra of the emitted light fit well with the blackbody radiation distribution. And the emitted light is partially polarized with a degree of 0.33 along the axis of MWNT bundle, which is qualitatively expl…
Analysis of the temperature and composition dependence of the excess thermodynamic properties for oligomers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in aqueous solution obtained from molecular dynamics simulations reveals that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of PEO/water solutions is enthalpy-driven. At l…
We have measured upper-critical-field ${H}_{\mathrm{c}2},$ specific heat C, and tunneling spectra of the intermetallic perovskite superconductor ${\mathrm{MgCNi}}_{3}$ with a superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}\ensuremath{\approx}7.6\mathrm{K}.$ Based on these measurements and relevant theoretical…
The adsorption properties of water on silica surfaces at 300 K are evaluated by way of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, a well suited technique to investigate thermodynamical properties of interfacial fluids. The PN–TrAZ potential is used to describe atomic interactions between water and substrate, and the SPC…
They may not glitter, but tiny dots of gold possess a surprising knack for speeding along chemical reactions. Surface science may soon explain why--and lead to tailor-made catalysts.
Abstract High‐pressure partition chromatography, a modification of the inverse gas chromatography technique, is presented as suitable technique for the study of the plasticization effect of carbon dioxide on the following polymers: poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and bisphenol A–polycarbonate. Polymers in the…
Nanosize gold particles were prepared by Ar(+) ion implantation of 10-nm thick gold film deposited onto a SiO(2)/Si(100) wafer possessing no catalytic activity in the CO oxidation. Along with size reduction the valence band of the gold particles and the actual size were determined by ultraviolet- and X-ray photoelectr…
The combined effect of templating and solution additives on calcite crystallization was studied. Self-assembled monolayers of mercaptoundecanoic acid supported on silver, as templates, induced the uniform, oriented nucleation of calcite from the (012) plane. The presence of Mg2+ in the crystallizing solution affected…
ZnS nanobelts have been synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method in a N2 atmosphere containing a small amount of CO and H2 gases. The synthesized ZnS nanobelts have a width in the range of 40 to 120 nm, a thickness of 20 nm, and a length of several micrometers. The nanobelts are single crystals with a hexago…
The crystal structure of a sulfur sorption complex of fully dehydrated, fully Cd 2+ -exchanged zeolite X, Cd 46 Si 100 Al 92 O 384 ·52S per unit cell ( a = 24.925(7) Å), has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods in the cubic space group Fd 3̄ at 21(1) °C. The crystal was prepared by ion exchange…
Near-infrared emissive lanthanide complexes were synthesized with covalently attached sensitizers that absorb in the visible. This functionalization was designed such that the sensitizer is in close proximity to the lanthanide ion, which is a prerequisite for efficient energy transfer from the excited sensitizer to th…
Neodymium-doped Bi4Ti3O12 (BNT) films are evaluated for use as lead-free thin-film piezoelectrics in microelectromechanical systems. Bi4Ti3O12, Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12, and Bi3.25Nd0.75Ti3O12 films were fabricated by chemical solution deposition on Pt/TiOx/SiO2/Si substrates. Nd substitution promoted random orientation wit…
Recent experimental evidence shows that the pi-orbitals along the stacking of base pairs can facilitate the long-range charge transfer in DNA. Proton motion in the base pair hydrogen bonds has also been found to affect the transfer rate. To explain this behavior we propose a model considering interactions of doped cha…
The crystal structure of barium-germanium clathrate Ba6Ge25 was studied using neutron powder diffraction in the temperature range 20-300K. The compound was found to be cubic (S.G. P4_1 23) in the entire temperature range. However, the fully-ordered model of the crystal structure (no split sites) is marginal at room te…
The random phase approximation (RPA) theory is used to derive the Luttinger parameter g for metallic carbon nanotubes. The results are consistent with the Tomonaga-Luttinger models. All metallic carbon nanotubes, regardless if they are armchair tubes, zigzag tubes, or chiral tubes, should have the same Luttinger param…
Organic polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and poly(styrene), were intercalated into single-walled carbon nanotube sheets by soaking the sheets in polymer solutions. Even for short soak times, significant polymer intercalation into existing free volume was observed. Tensile tests on interc…
Wetting behavior was studied on surfaces with a single, circular heterogeneous island. Lyophobic islands were created on lyophilic Si wafers using polystyrene. Alternately, lyophobic perfluoroalkoxy fluoropolymer film was etched to make lyophilic domains. Contact angles and hysteresis were measured with water and hexa…
We describe experimental investigations of the structure of two-dimensional spherical crystals. The crystals, formed by beads self-assembled on water droplets in oil, serve as model systems for exploring very general theories about the minimum-energy configurations of particles with arbitrary repulsive interactions on…
A nano gold rush: Nanoscale gold clusters on oxide surfaces exhibit unique catalytic activity (▴; R=chemical reactivity). The factors for these remarkable nanocatalytic properties are 1) structural dynamical fluxionality, 2) quantum size effects, 3) charge transfer from the support to the clusters, and 4) impurity dop…
A phenotype-centered view of evolution needs to start with a solid idea about the nature of the phenotype. This chapter and the next are devoted to two universal properties of phenotypes, plasticity, or responsiveness to environmental inputs; and modularity, or subdivision into semi-independent and dissociable parts (…