Materials Literature
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The axial intensity of axicons illuminated by a coherent wave usually exhibits rapid oscillations from diffraction on the sharp edges of the aperture of the element. These oscillations can be suppressed when the diffractive version of the axicon is illuminated from a polychromatic source. This possibility is examined…
Dielectric dispersion of the ferroelectric liquid crystal (CS-1022) around the SC∗-SA transition and temperature dependence of the spontaneous polarization were measured by varying the cell thickness. Behaviour of the dielectric constant is well described by a formula including the contribution of the soft mode, the G…
Mesa etched transmission line model (TLM) test structures with different contact lengths have been fabricated on heavily boron doped polycrystalline diamond films. The behavior of the contact and contact end resistance measurements can be fully explained using the TLM. No influence of the grain size on the contact res…
Abstract A novel method is presented for generating periodic surfaces. Such periodic surfaces appear in all systems which are characterized by internal interfaces and which additionally exhibit ordering. One example are systems of AB diblock copolymers, where the internal interfaces are formed by the chemical bonds be…
The intensity of photoluminescence from a thin layer of laser dye on a metallic grating depends on the polarization and angle of incidence of the incident beam of light. For an appropriate polarization and angle of incidence, the beam can resonantly excite surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The dye layer experiences a…
Quantitative fabric‐needle‐sewing machine interactions at different speeds have been used to construct qualitative rules mapping fabric properties to optimum sewing machine settings for the next generation of “intelligent sewing machines”, using model free estimation. The inference procedures of fuzzy logic have been…
Recently, it has been argued that a strong electron-phonon interaction arising from the Jahn-Teller splitting of the outer Mn d level plays a crucial role in understanding the nonmetal-to-metal transition observed in the La(1-x)A(x)MnO(3) (A = Ca,Sr,Ba) system. We show, by neutron powder diffraetion, that La0.65Ca0.35…
The equilibrium shape of a blocked twin was determined by a calculation of the equilibrium positions of the discrete dislocations in the twin by means of a numerical solution. The critical stress required to place the leading two dislocations in a nascent tilt-wall configuration as well as the fraction of the total di…
Abstract Pseudomonassp. 61-3 accumulated poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), P(3HA), in nitrogen-free media containing medium- and long-chain alkanoic acids or plant oils. The polyesters of 3HA units of even carbon numbers ranging from C4 to C12 were produced from the alkanoic acids of even carbon numbers, while those produced…
A novel type of PDLC display utilizing solid films obtained from the cellulose derivative hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) with molecular weights of 60000 (HPC60000) and 100000 (HPC100000), cross-linked with two different di-isocyanates, 1,4-di-isocyanatobutane (BDI) and 1,6-di-isocyanatohexane (HDI), is presented. This k…
Mechanical effects dominate the new theory, with the build-up of strain, fatigue failures and fracture due to shock waves being involved.
Abstract Halogen‐free flame retardant additives based on phosphorus function by developing a protective char. A variety of additives are available, ranging from the element itself, in the form of amorphous red phosphorus, to specialty organophosphorus compounds, and examples of their use in a range of thermoplastics a…
The low-frequency elastic properties of incommensurate ferroelastic crystals [N(${\mathrm{CH}}_{3}$${)}_{4}$${]}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuCl}}_{4}$ are studied in the vicinity of the incommensurate phase transitions using parallel-plate-stress and three-point-bending methods. The temperature dependences of the effective elasti…
Thermal motions in a microscopic model for a strong glass (${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$) are studied by means of computer molecular dynamics simulations. A decomposition of the atomic dynamics in terms of normal modes allows the separation of the truly harmonic components of the generalized frequency distribut…
A model is presented for the formation of crystallographic tilting (misorientation) in highly mismatched (100) oriented zinc-blende semiconductor heteroepitaxial layers grown on vicinal substrates. The model is based on the asymmetric generation of 60° misfit dislocations upon island coalescence in the initial growth…
The stress dependence of the Raman bands of β‐silicon nitride,β‐Si 3 N 4 , has been investigated. In the stress range examined (from‐200 to +200 MPa), low‐frequency shift bands (namely the 183, 205, and 226 cm −1 lines) do not show any frequency change with the stress, whereas the high‐frequency shift bands (862, 925,…
The optical properties and temperature-dependent concentration quenching of ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ fluorescence have been investigated in fluorophosphate glasses with different fluorine to oxygen ratios by using steady-state and time-resolved laser spectroscopy. Judd-Ofelt parameters were derived from the absorption spe…
The refinement of electron-density distributions for non-centrosymmetric crystals from X-ray diffraction data may lead to a very good fit between model and data but to totally meaningless electron densities. This is to a large extent because varying certain parameters, or combination of parameters, in the model mainly…
Vacuum-deposited poly(chloro-p-xylylene), or parylene C, can be used for corrosion protection of cold-rolled steel (CRS) through interface engineering. Interface engineering replaces galvanizing, zinc phosphating, and cathodic electrocoating (E-coating). Parylene C polymer has excellent bulk properties, including its…
Electromigration has been investigated using both drift velocity and resistance techniques in pure Al, Al(Cu), pure Cu, Cu(Mg), Cu(Zr), and Cu(Sn) isolated lines overlapping W studs (vias between metallization levels), or lines overlaying a W underlayer line. The phenomenon of void growth was investigated in sections…