Polymer Alloys and Blends
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Materials Literature
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One-Dimensional Thermomechanical Constitutive Relations for Shape Memory Materials
The use of the thermoelastic martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation has recently been proposed and demonstrated for several active control ap plications. However, the present constitutive models have lacked several important funda mental concepts that are essential for many of the proposed intellige…
Conducting polymer as electrochromic material: polyaniline
The first conducting polymer was reported in 1977 when Shirakawa, MacDiarmid, Heeger and other coworkers1 discovered that polyacetylene (Fig. 1), an organic polymer and electrical insulator, could be converted into an electrical conductor by absorbing a small amount of iodine. Since then, active research has led to th…
Electroactive polymers in large area chromogenics
The synthesis of highly conducting polyacetylene in the late seventies inaugurated an era of extensive studies of electronic structure and transport in organic polymers. The recent attainment of conductivities in metallic polyacetylene comparable to that of copper is the outcome of major advances in the theoretical un…
Suppression of crystal nucleation in amorphous layers with sharp concentration gradients
Using simple thermodynamic arguements, it is shown that sharp concentration gradients occurring during diffusive mixing of multilayer composites facilitate amorphization by solid-state reaction by reducing or suppressing the driving force for crystallization \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{G}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{c}}$. As…
Structural measurements on the liquid-crystal analog of the Abrikosov phase
High-resolution x-ray and optical studies were peformed on oriented samples of the recently discovered smectic-${\mathit{A}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ phase. We confirm that this phase exhibits smectic-A layers as well as a macroscopic helical strcucture with the helical axis parallel to the layer planes. Furthermore, we demonstr…
Fragility of Ge-As-Se glass-forming liquids in relation to rigidity percolation, and the Kauzmann paradox
The concept of mean-field rigidity percolation at average coordination number 〈r〉=2.4 in covalently bonded inorganic glasses is shown to be relevant to the liquid-state behavior of glass-forming chalcogenide systems. In particular it correlates with remarkable variations in ``fragility'' and excess heat capacity which…
Molecular nonlinear optical materials
Abstract Some organic crystalline solids that comprise highly polar molecules and that form non-centrosymmetric crystal structures exhibit second-order nonlinear optical properties and laser-damage thresholds that are potentially superior to those of currently available inorganic systems. This realization has led to a…
Sonochemistry
Ultrasound causes high-energy chemistry. It does so through the process of acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth and implosive collapse of bubbles in a liquid. During cavitational collapse, intense heating of the bubbles occurs. These localized hot spots have temperatures of roughly 5000 degrees C, pressures of a…
X-rays in Atomic and Nuclear Physics
This book deals with the methods of X-ray production at a level which is accessible to advanced undergraduates and researchers who use X-rays. It also discusses the fundamentals of these physical properties from an experimental viewpoint which is not covered in more specialised texts. The book begins with a survey of…
Modeling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) reactors. IX. Solid state polycondensation process
Abstract A mathematical model for simulation of industrial process of solid state polycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been developed. The model eliminates errors evident in the earlier models by proper formulation. The model results have been validated by experimental data in the literature. It…
The phonon boundary scattering cross section at disordered crystalline interfaces: a simple model
The author presents a formalism for the study of the effects of alloy disorder at crystalline interfaces on the phonon boundary scattering cross section. The disordered region is treated within the coherent potential approximation adapted to the interface geometry. The formalism is based on t-matrix scattering theory…
Molecular beam epitaxy of Zn1−xCdxSe epilayers and ZnSe/Zn1−xCdxSe superlattices
We have investigated the epitaxial growth of Zn1−x CdxSe epilayers and ZnSe/Zn1−x CdxSe superlattices (0≤x≤1) on (100)GaAs. Although thick epilayers of Zn1−x CdxSe are prone to defect formation with increasing Cd content, the structural and optical characteristics improve remarkably when Zn1−x CdxSe is in the form of…
Temperature and magnetic field dependence of the critical single domain size
The critical single domain size for a uniaxial magnetic material under variable external conditions (temperature and magnetic field) is discussed.
On the model of metastable phase formation by a diffusion process
It is proposed that the structure of a new layer AB, which forms between the components A and B, is defined by parameters of two-stage interfacial reactions. The two stages, namely transition of A atoms through the AB/B boundary and rearrangement of atoms in B into AB, have independent rates. In the initial stage of t…
Structural Study of Tetragonal-Orthorhombic Phase Transition in NH4SCN
The crystal structures of NH 4 SCN are determined in the tetragonal phase I (122°C) and the orthorhombic phase II (100°C, 110°C and 115°C) from X-ray diffraction data. In phase I, SCN - ion is in disordered state taking two equivalent configurations. In phase II, the ordering of SCN - ion correlates to the spontaneous…
Synthèse et structure du borouranate de lithium LiBUO5
Cristallisation dans P2 1 /c avec a=5,767, b=10,574, c=6,835 A, β=105,04 o , z=4; affinement jusqu'a R0,062. L'arrangement atomique est identique a celui de NaBUO 5 orthorhombique, sauf en ce qui concerne l'ion alcalin. Les ions lithium sont, en effet, situes dans les sites tetraedriques, tandis que les ions sodium se…
The structure of metastable lithium disilicate, Li2Si2O5
Cristallisation dans Pbcn avec a=5,683, b=4,784, c=14,648 A, z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,063. Cette structure, differente de celle du Li 2 Si 2 O 5 stable, est au contraire similaire a celle du Na 2 Si 2 O 5 -α. Elle consiste en feuillets infinis de silicate, composes de tetraedres de SiO 4 se partageant les sommets,…
Exchange of fluorinated glucose across the red-cell membrane measured by 19F-n.m.r. magnetization transfer.
The 19F n.m.r. spectrum of 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose (3FG) in a red-cell suspension was observed to contain separate resonances from the intra- and extra-cellular populations of both the alpha- and beta-anomers. This phenomenon was used with an n.m.r. spin-transfer procedure to measure the rate of exchange of the ano…
Kinetic theory of transport in a hard sphere crystal
The revised Enskog kinetic theory (RET) is used to describe transport in a hard sphere crystal. The connection between the RET and the exact density functional theory (DFT) description of the solid state is established. The RET is used to derive the dissipative linear equations of elasticity. The elastic moduli in the…