Materials Literature
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Metatungstate salts α-[R4N]5H[H2W12O40] (R = Pr or Bu) were produced by phase transfer methods. Two one-electron reduction processes (E1/2 −1100, −1590 mV versus Ag–AgCl (saturated KCl in MeCN)) are seen for [Bu4N]5H[H2W12O40] in MeCN (Bu4NClO4, 0.1 M) solution. They convert into a single two-electron process in MeCN–…
Ti-rich Ti–Ni thin films of Ti–45.2, 46.1, 47.0, 47.9, 48.5 at%Ni were prepared by sputtering. The sputter-deposited thin films were annealed at 773, 823 and 873 K for 1 h. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Ti–45.2 at%Ni thin films contain randomly oriented Ti2Ni particles, while the other films contain T…
Photosensitive polyimides (PSPIs) are attracting much attention as an insulating materials for microelectronic applications. PSPIs can be directly patterned, simplify processing steps and do not need a photoresist to be used in the micro-lithographic stage, nor a toxic etchant. This review introduces the recent develo…
In the present study the bubble behavior in the narrow space are experimentally and numerically examined as the gap between two parallel walls and the position of bubble induction were changed. The main results are as follows. (1) The effects of two parallel walls can be classified by the ratio of the gap between the…
Heteroepitaxial Y2O3 films were grown on oxidized and clean Si (100) surfaces by ion assisted evaporation under an ultrahigh vacuum. The crystalline structure, crystallinity, morphology, and electrical properties were investigated using various techniques. The crystallinity assessed by x-ray diffraction and Rutherford…
The aim of the present study was to follow space charge formation under ac field (50 Hz) in polyolefins. The thermal step method was used, and charge accumulation was observed in crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), isotactic polypropylene (PP) and a PE /PP copolymer, the temperature…
The adsorption of NO on Pd-exchanged H-ZSM-5 containing from 0.18 up to 1.56 wt.% Pd was studied by in situ FTIR spectroscopy and dynamic volumetric experiments. At room temperature, NO adsorbs as two distinct NO-containing species (ν(NO) at 2136 and 1881 cm−1). These species exhibit different thermal stability: the 2…
There are a number of pairs of elements A and B in the periodic table that do not form binary oxides AxByO. We have used this fact to seek out crystalline precursors containing such metals that can be decomposed at elevated temperatures to form intimate mixtures of the individual oxides, AxO and ByO. Selective leachin…
Bainitic steels are emerging with the potential to replace eutectoid steels to achieve longer rail life. Bainitic steels of two compositions were made and processed into rails 13 m in length. The properties of these rails were evaluated in the as rolled slow cooled condition. The results from bainitic rail steels were…
The crystal structures of chitosan acid salts were studied by X-ray diffraction measurements on a fiber diagram and a new procedure to obtain an anhydrous polymorph of chitosan was found. The salts prepared by immersing a chitosan into a mixture of acid solution and isopropanol were classified into two types (Types I…
The atomic structure of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 solid solutions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was examined using time-of-flight neutron diffraction. In addition to the conventional crystallographic refinement the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis was used. Crystallographic analysis suggests that the a…
Abs tract-4,5-Diiodo-, 4,5-dibromo-, and 4,5-dichloro-4' ,5' -ethylenedioxytetrathiafulvalenes (EDO-TTFI 2 , EDO-TTFBr 2 , and EDO-TTFCl 2 ) were synthesized in moderate to good yields by the two routes.The first route contains the reaction of EDO-TTF with LDA, followed by quenching with halogenated reagents, and the…
A novel metal-free phthalocyanine 3 fused in peripheral position with four diazatetrathiabicyclomacrocycles has been prepared by bicyclotetramerization of cryptand 1 and its isoindolinediimine derevative 2; the new compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, UV–VIS and MS spectroscopy.
The phenomenon of protonation of phthalocyanines (Pc) and its effect upon their photophysical properties has seen considerable neglect in the literature. The work reported here clearly shows that tetrasulfonated zinc Pc, a known photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent, is strongly susceptible to protonation at the azomethine…
Preface 1. Introduction 1.1 Modern VLSI 1.2 The Driving Forces for Continued Integration Growth 1.3 Moore's Law 1.4 Types of Materials References 2. The Crystalline Nature of Materials 2.1 The Various States of Matter 2.2 Space Lattices 2.3 Crystalline Directions 2.4 X-Ray Diffraction References Problems 3. The Wave M…
The in vitro degradation of microspheres of polymers of lactic and glycolic acids were investigated by monitoring the mass loss from the device, the molecular weight of the polymer and the morphological changes of the particles with time. Two different sequences of morphological changes were found to be operative, dep…
A methodology allowing one to include iron losses in voltage fed time stepping finite elements simulations is presented in this paper. Hysteresis, eddy currents and anomalous losses models are introduced in the 2D field formulation based on the magnetic vector potential. The influence of the losses on the behavior of…
The first achiral bent core banana-shaped mesogen consisting of a thermally and hydrolytically stable salicylaldimine (2-hydroxybenzylideneamine) mesogenic segment has been synthesized and evaluated for its liquid crystalline behavior. This novel compound exhibits a single switchable mesophase over 60 °C temperature r…
Thin films of polycarbosilane were deposited on Si and SiO 2 substrates. Instead of conventional oven annealing (high temperatures, inert atmosphere), laser pyrolysis was used to achieve the polymer‐to‐ceramic conversion. In some conditions, especially when laser radiation absorption was enhanced by depositing a carbo…
Monomeric iridium(II) porphyrin complexes of tetrakis(2,4,6-trialkylphenyl)porphyrin ligands that are generated by photolysis of the Ir–Me derivatives are found to have the dxy2 dz22 dxz,yz3 ground electron configuration which differs from the dxy2 dxz,yz4 dz21 configuration observed for the Co(II) and Rh(II) analogs;…