Materials Literature
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A theoretical framework is developed to describe experiments on the structure of epitaxial thin films, particularly niobium on sapphire. We extend the hypothesis of dynamical scaling to apply to the structure of thin films from its conventional application to simple surfaces. We then present a phenomenological continu…
We describe in this paper the development of plugged hexagonal templated silicas (PHTS) which are hexagonally ordered materials, with internal microporous silica nanocapsules; they have a combined micro- and mesoporosity and a tuneable amount of both open and encapsulated mesopores and are much more stable than other…
Measurements of the low-shear viscosity eta(o) with a Zimm-Crothers viscometer for dispersions of colloidal hard spheres are reported as a function of volume fraction phi up to 0.56. Nonequilibrium theories based on solutions to the two-particle Smoluchoski equation or ideal mode coupling approximations do not capture…
Quantum Monte Carlo method is used to study the coupled spin-pseudospin Hamiltonian in one-dimension (1D) that models the charge-ordering instability of the anisotropic Hubbard ladder at quarter filling. We calculate the temperature dependence of the uniform spin susceptibility and the spin and charge excitation spect…
A numerical model of single-domain nanoscale iron magnets fabricated using scanning-microscope-assisted chemical vapor deposition is simulated using finite-temperature micromagnetics. A Projective-dynamics method is used to determine the magnetization at the saddle point as a function of temperature. This magnetizatio…
The nonequilibrium dynamics of a binary Lennard-Jones mixture in a simple shear flow is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The range of temperature T investigated covers both the liquid, supercooled, and glassy states, while the shear rate γ covers both the linear and nonlinear regimes of rheolog…
We directly observe phonon wave packets of well-defined frequency and polarization scattering at a coherent semiconductor interface using molecular-dynamics simulations. We find that in the low-frequency limit the transmission coefficients of both longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonons agree well with those pred…
Abstract Cathodic prevention systems are now widely recommended for new reinforced concrete structures that are to be exposed to chloride containing environments. However, there are very little published data or design guidelines for such systems. In two new petrochemical plants, reinforced concrete seawater structure…
Abstract In subsea oil and gas production, both corrosion inhibitors and hydrate inhibitors are used for chemical treatment due to the severe conditions encountered. Performance is traditionally measured separately due to the low CO2 corrosion rates at temperatures where hydrates form, resulting in plugged flowlines.…
Abstract Seawater is an aggressive, complex fluid that affects nearly all common structural materials to some extent. There are two competing processes that operate simultaneously in seawater environments: (1) the chloride ion activity tends to destroy the passive film, and (2) dissolved oxygen, which acts to promote…
Abstract A multielectrode localized corrosion sensor was developed and used for comparing localized corrosion of Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo alloys in chloride solutions. Experimental results indicated that the coupled multielectrode sensor provides a rapid real-time response to changes in temperature and salt concentration. It was d…
Abstract These first explicit measurements of permeation on thin membranes have so far raised more questions than they have answered. In particular, thin membranes demand more accurate measuring techniques, and a simple transposition of the methods employed for thick membranes is not always sufficient. Similarly, stri…
Abstract Manganese dioxide is deposited by chemical and biological oxidation of dissolved manganese that occurs naturally in surface and groundwaters throughout the United States. In industrial cooling systems, manganese scales degrade heat exchanger performance and are commonly held to promote corrosion due to format…
Abstract It is recognised that chemical interactions between scale inhibitor (SI) and corrosion inhibitor (CI) result in a reduction in the performance efficiency of both chemicals. As reservoir production systems become ever more complex, the requirements for chemical compatibility become greater. This is a particula…
Abstract Injection of nitrate or nitrite into oil reservoirs can reduce the sulfide concentration through the activity of nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. These inhibit sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), but appear to contribute also to increased corrosion risk. Combinations of nitrate or nitrite with other…
Abstract Titanium, at long last, is now being viewed, accepted and used as a material for the prevention of corrosion, the reduction and elimination of major corrosion related maintenance issues and for the advantages it offers in weight savings, replacement costs and life cycle cost benefits. This presentation focuse…
Abstract Corrosion inhibitor tests typically evaluate performance with respect to general corrosion. However, pipeline failures in oil and gas production are predominantly caused by localised corrosion, not general corrosion. A novel evaluation technique, based on an artificial pit electrode, has been developed for in…
Abstract With flush mounted microelectrodes positioned in different distances from the center of a submerged jet, the wall shear stress distribution on the impinged surface can be measured up to jet nozzle flow velocities of 20 m/s with high lateral resolution. The paper shows for the first time that instead of using…
Abstract Low Cr (3 to 5%) bearing steels have been developed and used in CO2 environment as materials to meet “Fitness for Purpose”. As well as CO2 corrosion resistance, sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSC) resistance and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of steel have also been important in the oil and ga…
Abstract A case history is described involving microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of AISI Type 304L stainless steel piping failure after being in contact with untreated stagnant, low chloride potable water for nine months. The term MIC is used to designate corrosion resulting from the presence and activities…