Materials Literature
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Recently, we reported on a light-induced anchoring transition of an azobenzene nematic from planar to homeotropic alignment. In the proposed model of the transition, the changes in shape of the liquid crystal molecules and of their net dipole moment, due to the photoisomerization, were considered to play a vital role…
An in situ ‐toughened silicon carbide (ABC‐SiC) has been examined in the as‐processed condition, where the grain‐boundary films are predominantly amorphous, and following thermal exposure at a temperature of 1300°C, where the films become fully crystalline. Previous work has shown that, at elevated temperatures (up to…
▪ Abstract It has become possible to explain and predict properties of real materials using ab initio theory. The background, methods, and applications are described.
Non-ionic cellulose esters were synthesized in homogeneous phase (N,N-dimethyl acetamide/LiCl) with mixed oxacarbonic acid/p-toluenesulfonic acid anhydrides. This effective synthetic method yields the pure carboxylic acid esters within the wide range of the degree of substitution (DS) from 0.4 to 3.0. The polymers wer…
A molecular theory of the helical twisting in chiral liquid crystals is developed, which provides an explanation for the experimentally observed helical sense inversion induced by a change of concentration in binary mixtures of chiral and nonchiral nematic liquid crystals. The theory also describes the sense inversion…
In an updated version of the polymerization-filling technique, the surface of particulate fillers has been activated by metallocenes. Homogeneously filled polyolefins have accordingly been produced by the in situ copolymerization of ethylene and α-olefins, e. g., 1-octene and 1,9-decadiene. Different fillers have been…
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an inherited mechano-bullous disorder of skin caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene. The lack of therapy for DEB provides an impetus to develop gene therapy strategies. However, the full-length 9-kilobase type VII collagen cDNA exceeds the cloning capacity of curre…
Using an interface displacement model we calculate the shapes of nanometer-size liquid droplets on homogeneous cylindrical surfaces. We determine effective contact angles and line tensions, the latter defined as excess free energies per unit length associated with the two contact lines at the ends of the droplet. The…
Texture measurements were performed on liquid‐phase‐sintered alumina textured by a templated grain growth process from 1250° to 1650°C. Texture distributions were measured using X‐ray pole figures, rocking curves, Rietveld refinement, and stereology. The March–Dollase equation fitted the measured distributions very we…
The synthesis and properties of ‘3:1’ phthalocyanines, in which three of the benzenoid rings are similarly substituted whereas the fourth is differently substituted or is replaced by a heteroaromatic ring, are overviewed with an emphasis on contributions from the group at the University of East Anglia. The synthesis o…
Lanthanum(III), europium(III), and gadolinium(III) complexes with chelating nitronyl nitroxide free radicals show luminescence between 700 and 1000 nm. The resolved vibronic structure involves both radical-centered and metal-radical modes.
Melting of pure gallium in a bidimensional rectangular cavity with aspect ratio 1.4 is presented. The paper is focused on pattern formation in the fluid phase during the process of melting. The formation of a multiple cells structure has been found during the first stage of the transient, while a merging of the small…
The ability of triple-helical collagen molecules to assemble into supramolecular structures forms the basis of commercial uses of collagen in the food industry and in medical applications such as cosmetic surgery and tissue repair. We have used cDNA techniques to engineer novel collagens with potentially enhanced biol…
The behavior of nematic liquid crystals in spatially varying electrical fields is investigated. Director profiles of nematic-liquid-crystal phase gratings are simulated for different orientations of the liquid-crystal director field with respect to the electrode grating. With increasing spatial frequency of the gratin…
The atomic interactions and anharmonicity of atomic displacements in the virtual ferroelectric KTaO3, potassium tantalate, have been studied using accurate single-crystal X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The multipole analysis of electron density and Gram-Charlier series description of anharmonic atomic displace…
The effect of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugar beet was studied in a series of 26 trials on soils of different type and K index between 1992 and 1997. There were few yield responses even though the majority of trials were on soils of low K index, and large quantities of fer…
Food-grade polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film containing 28.3% di-(2-ethylhexylexyl)adipate (DEHA) plasticizer was used to wrap three different types of cheese (Kefalotyri, Edam, and Feta). Samples were split into two groups and stored at 5+/-0.5 degrees C. One group was analyzed for DEHA content at intervals between 1 and…
Cell dynamics simulations are a powerful tool to simulate kinetic processes in phase separating systems. Here we review the technique and its application to block copolymers. Its advantages and disadvantages compared to other simulation methods for block copolymer structure and dynamics are reviewed. Results on the dy…
An overview about the homogeneous and heterogeneous methods of synthesizing silylating agents and applications of the organofunctionalized silica-gel samples was explored. The pendant molecules attached covalently to the inorganic surface displayed important properties to act as sequestrating agents for metals in aque…
Using 2-hydroxyethyl α-bromoisobutyrate as initiator, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl acrylate leads to poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) with a hydroxyl group at one and a bromine atom at the other end. Esterification of the hydroxyl group of these heterotelechelic polymers with acryloyl chlo…