Studies on the Inhalation Uptake and Effects of Nanomaterials
This chapter contains sections titled: Hypothesis Aerosols from Nanomaterials Toxicological Test Method Deposition and Fate Effects Conclusions References
Materials Literature
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Metal‐Based Nanoparticles with Special Emphasis to Copper
This chapter contains sections titled: References
Common Denominators of Carbon Nanotubes
This chapter contains sections titled: Particles, Mode of Dosing, and Response Extrapulmonary Translocation to Lung Associated Lymph Nodes Extrapulmonary Translocation - Systemic Bioavailability Particle-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Definition of Dose Hazard Identification of Nanoparticles Conclusions References
Toxicokinetics of Inhaled Nanoparticles
This chapter contains sections titled: References
Effects of Enzyme Formulation and Loadings on Conversion of Biomass Pretreated by Leading Technologies
Commercial cellulase formulations are a mixture of diverse enzymes capable of hydrolyzing cellulose, hemicellulose, and other structural components present within the plant cell wall simultaneously. The enzymes in cellulase formulations work synergistically as a part of the enzyme system, providing better access of ce…
Selective comparability and physiological studies of lactic acid bacteria protease and Calotropis procera (linn) extracts
The West African soft cheese ( wara ) is traditionally produced using latex extracts of the leaves of Calotropis procera . Even though no death has been apparently traced to it, the extract is said to be poisonous causing death by paralysis of the heart. This project, therefore, aims at obtaining an alternative (in th…
Fermi velocity renormalization and the excitonic insulator in graphene
We compute the Fermi velocity of the Dirac quasiparticles in clean graphene at the charge neutrality point for strong Coulomb coupling alpha_g. We perform a Lattice Monte Carlo calculation within the low-energy Dirac theory, which includes an instantaneous, long-range Coulomb interaction. We find a renormalized Fermi…
Genotoxicity of Nanoparticles
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Secondary Genotoxicity Is the Genotoxicity Paradigm of Inhalable Particles Applicable to Nanoparticles? Potential Mechanisms of Primary Genotoxicity Final Remarks References
Exposure during Production and Handling of Manufactured Nanomaterials
This chapter contains sections titled: References
Ionic Liquid Pretreatment: Mechanism, Performance, and Challenges
Ionic liquids are of increasing interest to the biofuels community due to their properties as a means of effectively pretreating biomass. Ionic liquids (ILs) are composed of anions and cations and typically have melting temperatures below 100 °C. There have been several classes of ionic liquids, in particular those be…
Primer on Ammonia Fiber Expansion Pretreatment
We provide an extensive review of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreatment from a techno-economical and environmental sustainability perspective. A brief historical perspective on concentrated ammonia-based pretreatments is provided followed by a detailed overview of the AFEX process and its physicochemical impact…
Plant Biomass Characterization: Application of Solution‐ and Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
The conversion of plant biomass to biofuels is considered a promising alternative to reliance on diminishing supplies of fossil fuels, providing a sustainable option for fuels production in an environmentally compatible manner. However, the effective conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to liquid biofuels usually suf…
Physical and Chemical Features of Pretreated Biomass that Influence Macro‐/Micro‐Accessibility and Biological Processing
Several lignocellulosic biomass physical and chemical features are thought to affect its biological conversion including the amount, types, and distribution of non-cellulosic components (e.g., hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, ash); cellulose crystallinity, type, and chain length; internal/external surface area; and poro…
Primary Particles – Agglomerates – Aggregates
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Definition Preparation of Nanoparticles Defect Structures Problems of Detection and Measurement Methods for the Characterization of Nanoparticles Problem of Data on the Specific Surface Distinction between Agglomerates and Aggregates Comparison of Workplace Air Measu…
Avaliação da escória de siderurgia e do calcário como corretivos para cultura cafeeira
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de correção da escória de siderurgia comparativamente ao calcário em função do tempo e profundidade. O experimento foi instalado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, campus Muzambinho, em lavoura de café arábica da cultivar Ca…
Vibronic orbital magnetism
It is shown that in systems lacking the time inversion symmetry operation the Jahn-Teller effect could be the reason of the existence of the electronic magnetic moment. In crystals with cooperative Jahn-Teller effect the last could be responsible for the vibronic magnetism – ordering of vibronic magnetic moments. The…
乙酰丙酮钴(II)对甲苯液相空气氧化反应的催化性能
以乙酰丙酮钴(Co(acac) 2 )为催化剂,在1 L高压搅拌反应釜中研究了其对甲苯液相空气氧化反应的催化性能和反应产物分布,考察了催化剂用量对甲苯转化率和苯甲酸收率的影响,并考察了不同温度下不同催化剂用量时的催化剂寿命。结果表明,Co(acac) 2 催化甲苯液相氧化是平行连串的复杂反应,Co(acac) 2 的催化活性存在催化-抑制转换现象,适宜的催化剂用量为0.0044%(质量分数);催化剂的寿命随反应温度变化存在一个最大值,165℃时催化剂寿命最长,反应温度较低( 2 用量为0.0044%时,反应4 h,甲苯转化率为19%,苯甲酸收率为80%;与醋酸钴、环烷酸钴等钴盐催化剂相比,Co(acac) 2 催化剂具有用量少、催…
Multilevel Optimization of a Morphing Structure Incorporating Shape Memory Alloy Wires
A methodology for optimizing a morphing structure, based on Shape Memory Alloy actuators is presented in this work. This work aims to define an efficient design that exploits the actuator capabilities in a reasonable range of the component loading. To this end, the optimization process is split in two levels. In the f…
Low-Velocity Impact Test of a Composite Wing Box and Analytical Prediction of Contact Indentation
The low velocity impact test on a co-curing composite wing box was presented. Three types of impact site were concerned. The indentation and contact force were obtained. A nonlinear spring-mass model embedded in closed model of bending stiffness degradation due to the onset of delamination is employed to simulate the…
ICME - Application of the Revolution to Titanium Structures
In June 2011, the President announced a national manufacturing initiative. The goals of this initiative are to bring industry, universities, and the federal government together to develop a dynamic domestic advanced manufacturing sector. [1] He called this the Advanced Manufacturing Partnership, with the objective of…