Materials Literature
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Oriented, single phase thin films (∼5000 Å thick) of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) have been deposited onto (100) MgO and (100) LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The capacitance and dielectric Q (1/tan δ) of as-deposited and annealed films have been measured from 1 to 20 GHz as a function of electric field…
In this letter, we investigate the midinfrared photoluminescence of a series of diode-pumped Er3+-doped and Er3+, Yb3+-codoped low-silica content aluminosilicate glasses. Emission at 2.8 μm was observed in both single doped and codoped samples. The effect of Yb3+ codoping of the Er3+-doped samples was such that, for e…
Titania is a material with structural flexibility, and as a result, readily forms both crystalline polymorphs and an amorphous structure in thin films grown near room temperature. The goal of this study is to correlate fundamental optical absorption edge characteristics with the phase constituency of titania films. To…
Bubble clouds forming in an extended volume of liquid in acoustic cavitation show a slowly varying filamentary structure, whose origin is still not completely understood. Experimental observations are reported that provide some characteristics of the phenomenon, such as bubble distributions and sound–field measurement…
Valence-band photoemission studies have been performed on a $\mathrm{CoO}(100)$ single crystal as it is slowly oxidized under $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\mathrm{Torr}$ ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at 623 K, eventually forming a ${\mathrm{Co}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ epitaxial film. The most significa…
The purpose of this research was to synthesize new regular poly(ester amide)s (PEAs) consisting of nontoxic building blocks like hydrophobic α-amino acids, α,ω-diols, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, and to examine the effects of the structure of these building block components on some physico-chemical and biochemica…
Sound and light emission by bubbles is studied experimentally. Single bubbles kept in a bubble trap and single laser–generated bubbles are investigated using ultrafast and high–speed photography in combination with hydrophones. The optical observation at 20 million frames per second of the shock waves emitted has prov…
Carbon nitride films, deposited by reactive dc magnetron sputtering in ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ discharges, were studied with respect to composition, structure, and mechanical properties. ${\mathrm{CN}}_{x}$ films, with $0<~x<~0.35,$ were grown onto Si (001) substrates at temperatures between 100…
Acoustic cavitation is responsible for both sonochemistry and sonoluminescence. Bubble collapse in liquids results in an enormous concentration of energy from the conversion of the kinetic energy of liquid motion into heating of the contents of the bubble. The high local temperatures and pressures, combined with extra…
Nylon tire cord (1680/2) was dipped in different adhesives based on resorcinol formaldehyde resin and latex (RFL) and was bonded to natural rubber-based compounds. The resin-rubber ratio in the RFL adhesive was optimized. The variation of pull-through load was studied by varying the drying and curing temperature of th…
The free radicals produced by γ irradiation in the polymer network are formed with ionizing radiation. The decay rates of radicals in the temperature range were used to estimate the diffusion coefficient of oxygen into polymeric spheres by an electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. The ESR results showed that the act…
The variation of the pore structure of styrene–divinylbenzene (S–DVB) copolymer beads with the drying conditions was investigated. Macroporous S–DVB copolymer beads with various DVB contents were prepared in the presence of toluene-cyclohexanol mixtures as a diluent. It was found that the pores of 101-nm radius, corre…
This article describes the crystallization behavior of polypropylene (PP) in the presence of a crystallizable polymer, namely, nylon 6, in the binary blend of PP/nylon 6 in the composition range from 0 to 30 wt % of nylon 6 content in the blend. The crystallization behavior was studied through variation of the crystal…
Using direct polymer reaction of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA), a synthesis of copolymer of styrene and N-aryl succinimide (SMI) has been investigated. SMI copolymers were synthesized from SMA copolymers by a concerted two-step reaction, which consisted of the condensation reaction (step 1) of SMA with aroma…
In the present article a series of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends with different amounts of fatty esters of amylose and starch, were prepared in a Haake-Buchler Reomixer. The tensile as well as the dynamic thermomechanical (DMTA) properties of the blends were measured. It was found that as the amount of the es…
We studied styrene and fluoroalkylfumarate (FAF) copolymers and their surfaces by means of contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surfaces of the copolymers were very hydrophobic (even with a small amount of FAF) because of the concentration of FAF segments at the surface. The hydrol…
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film was chemically modified by chromic acid treatment to generate polar groups on the surface. The film samples were etched by chromic acid with variation of temperature at a constant time (30 min) and variation of time at a constant temperature (room temperature = 26°C). The variation…
Crosslinked ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers with VA content of 28% by weight were prepared by a two-step method by evenly dispersing the crosslinking agent (dicumyl peroxide) into the EVA matrix and then crosslinking at elevated temperatures. The crosslinking features of the samples were analyzed by Soxhlet ex…
We report a new technique for fabricating metallic electrodes on insulating substrates with separations on the 1 nm scale. The fabrication technique, which combines lithographic and electrochemical methods, provides atomic resolution without requiring sophisticated instrumentation. The process is simple, controllable,…
The crystallization process and crystal morphology of poly(ethylene terephathalate) (PET)–clay nanoscale composites prepared by intercalation, followed by in-situ polymerization, have been investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC)…