Materials Literature
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A DC component contained in an output of a voltage source self-commutated converter causes a converter transformer to be DC-magnetized, in the worst case causing an overcurrent due to saturation. We experienced the DC-magnetization of the converter transformer of a 50 MVA self-commutated SVC installed in the Shinshina…
Factors which affect photoelectron peak positions on heterogeneous samples are evaluated using patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) on glass. Local sample environment, sample mounting and spatial variation in x-ray flux are all shown to contribute to differential charging effects if no charge neutralization is used. X-ray…
Hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTLCs), which are also called anionic clay minerals or Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), can be formulated by M(II)1−xM(III)X(OH)2(An−)X/nyH2O. This chemical, which has anoin exchange capacity, could be an alternative chemical for phosphorus removal. The phosphate uptake by HTLcs containin…
The effectiveness of the tartaric acid degumming process for silk has been evaluated as a function of temperature, time and acid concentration in the degumming bath. The degummed samples were characterised as regards physico‐mechanical properties (tenacity, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity) and intrinsic vis…
Material properties of composites produced from recycled plastics and recycled wood fiber were compared. A blend of high-density polyethylene and polystyrene was used as a simulated mixed plastic. Stiffness was generally improved by the addition of fiber, as expected, but brittleness also increased. Pretreatment of th…
Investigation on magnetocaloric effects, magnetic entropy, Curie temperature, and specific heat of nanocomposite binary gadolinium alloys Gd–Tb, Gd–Zn, and Gd–Y has been carried out with an applied magnetic field of 1 T and in a temperature range of 233–313 K. Compared with the respective bulk alloys, the as-prepared…
Development of high-heat-flux components such as the divertor plate of fusion experimental machines is essential for removal of high heat loads with heating on one side. For this purpose, the authors machined a tube with an inside wall like a nut, namely, a screw tube, to enhance heat transfer efficiency and simplify…
Ion beam assisted deposition offers a novel and unique process to prepare diamond-like carbon (DLC) films at room temperature with particularly good interface adhesion. This advantage is explored to deposit highly wear resistant DLC coating on AISI 52100 steel. Various bombarding species and energy are examined to opt…
The thermal shock behavior of three types of two‐dimensional woven, continuous fiber‐reinforced (Nextel TM 312 (3M Co., St. Paul, MN) or Nicalon TM (Nippon Carbon, Tokyo, Japan)) ceramic matrix (silicon carbide matrix that had been processed by chemical vapor infiltration or polymer impregnation and pyrolysis) composi…
Theories and their numerical implementations to rigorously solve Maxwell's equations are fundamental in diffractive optics. Various rigorous methods have been developed in the past which allow the analysis and synthesis of diffraction gratings. The basis of the great majority of rigorous methods is the Fourier series…
Raman scattering studies of ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{C}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ films have been carried out for boron concentrations in the range 0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.17. The spectra exhibit two broad bands, a graphitic mode (G) centered between 1535 and 1590 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\…
The surface states of sol-gel derived PbTiO3 thin films on Si substrates before and after Ar+ sputtering were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that there was no residual carbon or other impurity element in the films except some carbon surface contamination due to specimen handling…
A new transformer model based on core topology is developed. The model simulates the transformer as a set of coupled inductances. Winding flux linkages are chosen as state variables and currents are computed from the flux linkages using the directly-formed inverse inductance matrix, the /spl Gamma/-matrix. Due to the…
The morphology, ultrastructure, and 18S rRNA gene sequences of two strains of picoplanktonic chlorophytes isolated from the same lake were compared with a culture of Choricystis minor (Skuja) Fott (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyta) from the culture collection in Göttingen, BRD. It was concluded that the isolated strains we…
The director field of a cholesteric liquid crystal confined to cylindrical cavities with parallel and perpendicular surface anchoring was studied by means of optical polarizing microscopy. The chirality of the liquid crystal could be varied continuously due to a temperature-induced twist inversion of the cholesteric s…
The effect of the magnetization direction m on the dielectric tensor of uniaxial crystals is described by a simple dependence of the gyration vector g(\ensuremath{\omega}) on m. It is shown that the vectors g(\ensuremath{\omega}) and m as well as the orbital magnetic moment 〈L^〉 and m are generally aligned noncollinea…
The structural properties of the metastable fcc Cu-Fe alloys obtained by high-energy ball milling of elemental powders have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. The same technique has been used to study the effect of thermal annealing on the alloyed samples. Experimental observations show that in some Cu-…
We have examined a number of symmetric tilt grain boundary structures in diamond, using a transferable tight-binding (TB) carbon potential. Utilizing O(N) tight-binding molecular dynamics, we are able to simulate several thousands of atoms, allowing us to examine low-angle boundaries with large periodicities. The lowe…
This paper reports quantitative measurements of improved water wettability and retention of scoured and bleached cotton fabrics. The water wetting contact angles (CAs) of raw cotton fibers and grey plain weave and satin weave cotton fabrics are 95.3° (±19.4°), 93.9° (±3.3°), and 93.2° (±4.7°), respectively. Improved w…
Auger electron spectroscopy was used to analyze polycrystalline thin-film diamond surfaces following the use of differing methods for the removal of unwanted nondiamond carbon. Exposing the film to a hydrogen plasma at the termination of the growth process is effective for producing a surface that gives an Auger spect…