Materials Literature
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Nowadays, the methodology existing to measure the shrinkage in air, developed for paste and cement mortars, has serious problems to be applied to lime mortars, due to its different mechanism of hardening several modifications in Norms UNE 80-113-86 y 80-112-89 make possible the determination of the shrinkage in these…
Rendering mortars, which are still exposed to the open air on some of the walls of Medina Azahara, are studied and characterized in this work. Some repairing mortars used in different previous restorations are also characterized. Those rendering mortars are of different make considering the composition of their binder…
Some microscopy methods that can be applied to the quantification of the percentage of vitreous particles of blast furnace slags are reviewed. Details of sample preparation are included and the experimental procedure is briefly described. The main advantages and inconveniences of each method are also considered. All o…
Abstract Polymer degradation occurs when macromolecular chains are broken under the influence of thermal, mechanical or chemical energy. Chain‐end depolymerization and random‐ and midpoint‐chain scission are mechanisms that have been observed in liquid‐phase polymer degradation. Here we develop mathematical models, un…
Acoustic emission was monitored during salt crystallisation cycles in order to study the mechanisms of rock deterioration by sodium sulphate in laboratory tests. Some porous carbonate stones used in Spanish monuments (Cathedral of Oviedo, Murcia and Seo Vella of Lérida) were selected for this study. The acoustic emiss…
Protective clothing should ideally provide maximum comfort and protection for the wearer. The design and fit of a garment are factors which can affect both the protective aspects of a garment as well as its comfort. Proper garment fit depends on the relationship of the size of the garment compared with the size of the…
Copolymers of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and acrylamide (AAm) were prepared to demonstrate a temperature-induced phase transition. Poly DMAEMA has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) around 50°C in water. With copolymerization of DMAEMA with AAm, the LCST shifts to the lower temperature was…
We propose achromatic quarter-wave plates of a subwavelength grating structure. When the period of the grating structure is smaller than the wavelengths of the incident light, the structure is considered to be an optically anisotropic medium. The effective refractive indices strongly depend on the wavelengths, especia…
Titania powders were synthesized by the thermal hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride with the yield of above 85% in a mixed solvent of n ‐propanol and water. The morphology of the precipitates was controlled by adjusting the volume ratio of n ‐propanol to water (RH ratio) of the mixed solvent. Precipitates obtained wi…
As to an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODs) ferritic steel cladding as the promising candidate for long-life core materials of the fast reactors, previously fabricated claddings had inferior internal creep rupture strength in hoop direction and inferior formability due to less ductility. Those unexpected features of…
The new Schiff base ligand 2-chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (L, 1) has been synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Crystals of 1 are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n with a = 12.964(4) Å, b = 5.131(5) Å, c = 4.970(1) Å, beta = 94.32(2) degrees, and Z = 4. The thios…
Conventional and new sintering mechanisms have been investigated using fine powders of CeO 2 and Y 2 O 3 of excellent sinterability. We have verified the validity of Herrings scaling law for 60%–84% relative density and found that it is consistent with grain‐boundary‐diffusion control. At lower densities, we have foun…
The C 1s and O 1s X-ray absorption spectra of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) have been recorded using transmission, fluorescence, and electron yield detection. The corresponding electron energy loss spectra (EELS) have been recorded in a scanning transmission electron microscope. These results are compared to the…
Bolaamphiphiles with a 1-glucosamide-head group at each end, N, N‘ -bis(β- d -glucopyranosyl)alkane-1, n -dicarboxamide [ Glc-NC( n )CN-Glc, n = 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14], have been synthesized. Self-assembled supramolecular structures in water strongly depend on whether n is even or odd, which respectively give r…
The crystallization of suspensions of sterically stabilized polymer particles, with hard-sphere-like interactions, is studied by laser light scattering. Over the range of volume fractions examined, from just below melting to the glass transition, crystallization occurs by homogeneous nucleation. After the suspensions…