Materials Literature
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Abstract. The stability of aggregates can be improved by amending the soil with charged synthetic polymers. We have evaluated the effects of addition of low rates of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) on the stability of aggregates from three predominately kaolinitic soils, and investigated whether the applied PAM penetrate…
A numerical model of first-order phase transformations is presented that considers the mutual blocking of growing particles up to all relevant orders. It is applicable for nucleation and growth problems in any space dimensions, even in the case of highly anisotropic growth. Illustrative Monte Carlo simulations were ca…
Partially sericitized tourmaline from a pegmatite was investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Fine-grained muscovite crystals form extensive narrow veinlets preferentially developed along the {110} and {100} cleavages of tourmaline, indicating that a cleavage-controlled alteration…
A new design strategy for enhanced nonlinear optical properties, based on a simple vector model and situated at the mesoscopic level, between the microscopic molecular level and the macroscopic bulk, is explained and exemplified by a number of organic superstructures. The second-order nonlinear optical properties of t…
The dynamic mean-field density functional method is used to describe phase separation including hydrodynamic effects in specific three-dimensional (3D) compressible copolymer liquids. We show that it is justified to use Darcy’s approximation for the velocity field. This simple model enables us to reproduce both the in…
Abstract Although the kinetics of the dehydroxylation of kaolinite have been widely studied, there is no definitive explanation of its mechanism due to its dependence on a variety of parameters. In this study, the dehydroxylation of kaolinite has been studied using controlled-transformation rate thermal analysis (CRTA…
There are two routes in the opening of the pseudogap: one due to the band separation in a disordered system such as expanded liquid mercury and amorphous alloys and the other due to the Fermi surface-Brillouin zone interaction in quasicrystals and their approximants. The role of the pseudogap in the electron transport…
The reactions of LiSi(SiMe3)3 with Cl(Me)2B3N3(Me)3, Cl2(Me)B3N3(Me)3, (ClBNMe)3, and (ClBNH)3 result in the formation of molecular species (Me3Si)3Si(Me)2B3N3(Me)3, [(Me3Si)3Si]2(Me)B3N3(Me)3, [(Me3Si)3SiBNMe]3, and [(Me3-Si)3SiBNH]3. The new compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and a single…
In orientationally biased grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo (GCEMC) simulations we investigated the microscopic structure of liquid-crystalline films confined between two plane parallel solid surfaces (i.e., walls) consisting of Ns discrete, rigidly fixed atoms. These wall atoms are distributed across the plane of…
A technique for producing ceramic preforms with graded porosity via colloidal infiltration of molded polymer sponges has been developed. Polymer sponges have been compression molded into various shapes with continuous and/or stepwise gradients in porosity. Infiltration of the graded sponge with ceramic slurry, followe…
Carbon nanotubes have a whisker-like structure so an extremely high strength and lack of plasticity are generally predicted. In-situ observations made by transmission electron microscopy, however, prove that carbon nanotubes bend plastically at room temperature. The bending process at the atomic level is suggested by…
Mössbauer spectrometry of natural samples of tourmaline shows the presence of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ either in the Y (9b) or the Z (18c) sites, with intervalent iron delocalized between these sites. To understand the distribution of iron in natural samples, tourmaline was synthesized at temperatures from 400 to 700 °C, unde…
Magnetization and resistivity of CrO2 powders and oriented CrO2 films on different TiO2 single-crystal substrates are reported, and the low-temperature specific heat is measured on powders. The M(T) data follow a Bloch T3/2 law, with no sign of a spin-wave gap. The residual resistivity depends strongly on film texture…
La 1−x Li x MnO 3 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were synthesized by using conventional solid state reaction and partial melting technique. The compounds were determined to be of rhombohedral structure by x-ray powder diffraction. For the x=0.2 and x=0.3 samples, room temperature neutron powder diffraction patterns were col…
The structures of fast-ion-conducting glasses $(\mathrm{N}\mathrm{a}{Z)}_{x}({\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}2\mathrm{B}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}{)}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ and $(\mathrm{Li}{Z)}_{x}({\mathrm{Li}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}2\mathrm{B}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}{)}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ $(Z=\mathrm{C}\mathr…
The environmental scanning electron microscope allows the examination of virtually any specimen in a gaseous environment without the need for coating or drying. Experimental evidence, however, suggests that significant electron beam damage occurs in hydrated specimens. It is thought that water molecules, ionized by th…
Abstract Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) experiments were carried out over Pd/ZnO with different Pd loadings. Combined results with an X-ray diffraction method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that a Pd–Zn alloy with a structure of PdZn was selectively produced in the course of TPR of Pd/ZnO. It was…
The silk of lepidopteran insects has been studied extensively as proteins of two categories: the fibroins, which are produced in the posterior section of silk glands, and the sericins, which are secreted in the middle section. We now describe a third category that is named seroins to accentuate the fact that both the…
Modified electrodes, suitable for use in flow injection analysis, have been obtained by the electrostatic assembly of films constituted by two different porphyrins, namely, μ-meso(tetrapyridyl)porphyrinatecobalt(III)tetrakis[bis(bipyridine)(chloro)ruthenium(II)] and meso-tetra(4-sulphonatephenyl)porphyrinatezinc(II),…
New functionalised macromers containing perfluoropolyether (PFPE) structures and methacrylic end groups were synthesised and used as modifying additives for acrylic UV-curable systems. Their chemical structure is Rh-Rf-Rh, where and with p ≈ q. Notwithstanding their very low concentration, below 0.5 wt.-%, the fluorin…